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France's independent court system enjoys special statutory protection from the executive branch. Procedures for the appointment, promotion, and removal of judges vary depending on whether it is for the ordinary ("judiciaire") or the administrative stream. Judicial appointments in the judicial stream must be approved by a special panel, the High ...
The ordinary courts, also known as the judiciary order, handle criminal and civil cases, while the administrative courts handle disputes between individuals and the government. This dual system allows for a clear separation of powers and specialized handling of cases related to the actions of the government.
The French judiciary courts (French: ordre judiciaire), also known as "ordinary courts", are one of two main divisions of the dual jurisdictional system in France, the other division being the administrative courts (French: ordre administratif). [1] Ordinary courts have jurisdiction over two branches of law:
The constitution provides for a separation of powers and proclaims France's "attachment to the Rights of Man and the principles of National Sovereignty as defined by the Declaration of 1789". The political system of France consists of an executive branch, a legislative branch, and a judicial branch.
The Court of Cassation also gives advisory opinions on the law on reference from lower courts. [48] At the appellate level, there are 36 Courts of Appeal (cour d’appel), with jurisdiction on appeals in civil and criminal matters. [3] A Court of Appeal will usually have specialist chambers on civil, social, criminal, and juvenile matters. [48]
The French Constitution established a semi-presidential system of government, with two competing readings. [5] In one reading, the executive branch has both a president of the republic and a prime minister , as is commonly seen in parliamentary systems with a symbolic president and a prime minister who directs the government. [ 5 ]
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The Palais-Royal in Paris, home of the Conseil d'État. The Council of State originates from the 13th century, by which time the King's Court (Curia regis) had split into three sections, one of which was the King's Council (Curia in consilium, later Conseil du roi), which too broke up into three distinct parts: the Conseil secret 'Privy Council', the Conseil privé 'Private Council', and ...