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  2. Lymphocytic pleocytosis - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lymphocytic_pleocytosis

    Lymphocytic pleocytosis is an abnormal increase in the amount of lymphocytes in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). It is usually considered to be a sign of infection or inflammation within the nervous system , and is encountered in a number of neurological diseases , such as pseudomigraine, Susac's syndrome, and encephalitis.

  3. List of reference ranges for cerebrospinal fluid - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_reference_ranges...

    Reference ranges for other molecules in CSF Substance Lower limit Upper limit Unit Corresponds to % of that in plasma Glucose: 50 [2] 80 [2] mg/dL ~60% [1] 2.2, [3] 2.8 [1] 3.9, [3] 4.4 [1] mmol/L Protein: 15 [1] [2] 40, [4] 45 [1] [2] mg/dL ~1% [1] Albumin: 7.8 [5] 40 [5] mg/dL: 0 [6] - 0.7% [6] - corresponding to an albumin (CSF/serum ...

  4. Cerebrospinal fluid - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cerebrospinal_fluid

    [34] [36] The presence of red blood cells and xanthochromia may indicate subarachnoid hemorrhage; whereas central nervous system infections such as meningitis, may be indicated by elevated white blood cell levels. [36] A CSF culture may yield the microorganism that has caused the infection, [34] or PCR may be used to identify a viral cause. [36]

  5. Superficial siderosis - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Superficial_siderosis

    Taking samples of cerebrospinal fluid may also reveal siderosis through xanthochromia, elevated presence of red blood cells, high iron and ferritin concentrations, and elevated levels of the proteins Tau, amyloid beta (Aβ42), neurofilament light chain (NFL), and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), but the CSF is sometimes normal. [10]

  6. Central chemoreceptor - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Central_chemoreceptor

    The central chemoreception system has also been shown experimentally to respond to hypercapnic hypoxia (elevated CO 2, decreased O 2) and aqueous sodium cyanide injection into the whole animal [2] and in vitro slice preparation.

  7. Lumbar puncture - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lumbar_puncture

    It may also be used to detect the presence of malignant cells in the CSF, as in carcinomatous meningitis or medulloblastoma. CSF containing less than 10 red blood cells (RBCs)/mm 3 constitutes a "negative" tap in the context of a workup for subarachnoid hemorrhage, for example. Taps that are "positive" have an RBC count of 100/mm 3 or more. [9]

  8. Xanthochromia - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xanthochromia

    Heme from red blood cells (RBC) that are in the cerebrospinal fluid because a blood vessel was damaged during the lumbar puncture (a "traumatic tap") has no time to be metabolized, and therefore no bilirubin is present. After the cerebrospinal fluid is obtained, a variety of its parameters can be checked, including the presence of xanthochromia.

  9. Glycine encephalopathy - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glycine_encephalopathy

    All forms of glycine encephalopathy show elevated levels of glycine in the plasma, as well as in cerebral spinal fluid (CSF). [ 1 ] : 793 Glycine concentrations in the CSF of affected patients are typically more markedly elevated than in plasma, leading to a corresponding elevation in the ratio of glycine concentrations in the cerebral spinal ...