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Arginine alpha-ketoglutarate (AAKG) is a salt of the amino acid arginine and alpha-ketoglutaric acid. It is marketed as a bodybuilding supplement. [1] Peer-reviewed studies have found no increase in muscle protein synthesis or improvement in muscle strength from use of AAKG as a dietary supplement. [1] [2] [3]
"Ketoglutaric acid" and "ketoglutarate", when not qualified as α or β, almost always refers respectively to α-ketoglutaric acid or α-ketoglutarate. [2] α-Ketoglutarate is an intermediate in the citric acid cycle, a cycle that supplies the energy to cells. [2] It is also an intermediate in or product of several other metabolic pathways.
Arginine is the amino acid with the formula (H 2 N)(HN)CN(H)(CH 2) 3 CH(NH 2)CO 2 H. The molecule features a guanidino group appended to a standard amino acid framework. At physiological pH, the carboxylic acid is deprotonated (−CO 2 −) and both the amino and guanidino groups are protonated, resulting in a cation.
The α-ketoglutarate family of amino acid synthesis (synthesis of glutamate, glutamine, proline and arginine) begins with α-ketoglutarate, an intermediate in the Citric Acid Cycle. The concentration of α-ketoglutarate is dependent on the activity and metabolism within the cell along with the regulation of enzymatic activity.
Jeana Aragon, 52, began lifting in her twenties after a bad relationship with food and exercise. This workout routine helped her break the cycle and gain muscle.
Aspartate transaminase (AST) or aspartate aminotransferase, also known as AspAT/ASAT/AAT or (serum) glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (GOT, SGOT), is a pyridoxal phosphate (PLP)-dependent transaminase enzyme (EC 2.6.1.1) that was first described by Arthur Karmen and colleagues in 1954.
Arginine (sometimes as complexes like arginine alpha-ketoglutarate), is also commonly used as a nitric oxide precursor and supposed booster of growth hormone and IGF-1 release, though studies have shown limited benefits, and generally at higher doses than are present in typical pre-workout products. [35] [36]
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