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Skeletal structural formula of Vitamin B 12.Many organic molecules are too complicated to be specified by a molecular formula.. The structural formula of a chemical compound is a graphic representation of the molecular structure (determined by structural chemistry methods), showing how the atoms are possibly arranged in the real three-dimensional space.
These can be described by the condensed structural formulas and (). The third isomer of C 3 H 8 O {\displaystyle {\ce {C3H8O}}} is the ether methoxyethane (ethyl-methyl-ether; III ). Unlike the other two, it has the oxygen atom connected to two carbons, and all eight hydrogens bonded directly to carbons.
An example is the condensed molecular/chemical formula for ethanol, which is CH 3 −CH 2 −OH or CH 3 CH 2 OH. However, even a condensed chemical formula is necessarily limited in its ability to show complex bonding relationships between atoms, especially atoms that have bonds to four or more different substituents.
In chemical graph theory and in mathematical chemistry, a molecular graph or chemical graph is a representation of the structural formula of a chemical compound in terms of graph theory. A chemical graph is a labeled graph whose vertices correspond to the atoms of the compound and edges correspond to chemical bonds .
The skeletal formula of the antidepressant drug escitalopram, featuring skeletal representations of heteroatoms, a triple bond, phenyl groups and stereochemistry. The skeletal formula, line-angle formula, bond-line formula or shorthand formula of an organic compound is a type of molecular structural formula that serves as a shorthand representation of a molecule's bonding and some details of ...
In condensed structural formulas, many or even all of the covalent bonds may be left out, with subscripts indicating the number of identical groups attached to a particular atom. Another shorthand structural diagram is the skeletal formula (also known as a bond-line formula or carbon skeleton diagram).
The structural formula of a compound represents the connectivity of the atoms, with lines drawn between two atoms to represent bonds. [1] The two tables below show examples of different compounds, their structural formulas, and the valences for each element of the compound.
Isopentane is a major component (sometimes 30% or more) of natural gasoline, an analog of common petroleum-derived gasoline that is condensed from natural gas. [4] Its share in commercial car fuel is highly variable: 19–45% in 1990s Sweden, [ 13 ] 4–31% in 1990s US [ 14 ] and 3.6–11% in the US in 2011. [ 15 ]