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The sulfonate ion. In organosulfur chemistry, a sulfonate is a salt, anion or ester of a sulfonic acid. Its formula is R−S(=O) 2 −O −, containing the functional group −S(=O) 2 −O −, where R is typically an organyl group, amino group or a halogen atom. Sulfonates are the conjugate bases of sulfonic acids.
General structure of a sulfonic acid with the functional group indicated in blue. In organic chemistry, sulfonic acid (or sulphonic acid) refers to a member of the class of organosulfur compounds with the general formula R−S(=O) 2 −OH, where R is an organic alkyl or aryl group and the S(=O) 2 (OH) group a sulfonyl hydroxide. [1]
The electrophilic carbocations produced during ether cleavage react with bisulfite ions (HSO 3 −) to give sulfonates. R-O-R' + H + → R + + R'OH R + + HSO 3 − → R-SO 3 H. The primary site for ether cleavage is the α-carbon (carbon atom attached to the aromatic ring) of the propyl (linear three carbon) side chain. The following ...
Sulfonyl groups can be written as having the general formula R−S(=O) 2 −R′, where there are two double bonds between the sulfur and oxygen. [1]: 53 [2] Sulfonyl groups can be reduced to the sulfide with diisobutylaluminium hydride (DIBALH). Lithium aluminium hydride (LiAlH 4) reduces some but not all sulfones to sulfides. [1]: 1851
The general structure of Sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonates, prominent examples of alkylbenzene sulphonates. Alkylbenzene sulfonates are a class of anionic surfactants, consisting of a hydrophilic sulfonate head-group and a hydrophobic alkylbenzene tail-group.
Polystyrene sulfonic acid, the acid whose salts are the polystyrene sulfonates, has the idealized formula (CH 2 CHC 6 H 4 SO 3 H) n. The material is prepared by sulfonation of polystyrene: (CH 2 CHC 6 H 5) n + n SO 3 → (CH 2 CHC 6 H 4 SO 3 H) n. Several methods exist for this conversion, which can lead to varying degree of sulfonation.
General chemical structure of α-olefin sulfonates R= Alkyl, M= Na +, n = 1 or 2. α-Olefin sulfonates (also: alpha-olefin sulfonates or AOS) are a group of anionic surfactants, which are used as detergents. [1] The compounds contain a - mostly linear, primary - alkyl R and a monovalent cation M, preferably sodium. [2]
Sodium benzenesulfonate is an organic compound with the formula C 6 H 5 SO 3 Na. It is white, water-soluble solid, It is produced by the neutralization benzenesulfonic acid with sodium hydroxide. It is also a common ingredient in some detergents. The compound typically crystallizes from water as the monohydrate. [1]