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Frontal lobe syndrome can be caused by a range of conditions including head trauma, tumours, neurodegenerative diseases, neurodevelopmental disorders, neurosurgery and cerebrovascular disease. Frontal lobe impairment can be detected by recognition of typical signs and symptoms, use of simple screening tests, and specialist neurological testing.
Mostly in the frontal cortex, these differences often stem from a smaller brain volume, and the decreased blood flow that results influences the hypofrontality. [9] It has not been determined if the reduction of the frontal cortex is the ultimate cause of the symptoms, or if the condition worsens as the symptoms develop.
The prefrontal lobe in humans has been associated both with metacognitive executive functions and emotional executive functions. [31] Theory and evidence suggest that the frontal lobes in other primates also mediate and regulate emotion, but do not demonstrate the metacognitive abilities that are demonstrated in humans. [31]
There are plenty of treatment options that often include anxiety medication. Other anxiety disorders include obsessive-compulsive disorder, panic disorder, post-traumatic stress disorder, social ...
The most frequent cause of the syndrome is brain damage to the frontal lobe. Brain damage leading to the dysexecutive pattern of symptoms can result from physical trauma such as a blow to the head or a stroke [6] or other internal trauma. It is important to note that frontal lobe damage is not the only cause of the syndrome.
Atomoxetine is sometimes used in the treatment of cognitive impairment and frontal lobe symptoms due to conditions like traumatic brain injury (TBI). [44] [45] It is used to treat ADHD-like symptoms such as sustained attentional problems, disinhibition, [46] lack of arousal, fatigue, and depression, including symptoms from cognitive disengagement syndrome. [44]
The symptoms and clinical manifestations of frontal lobe epilepsy can differ depending on which specific area of the frontal lobe is affected. [ 2 ] The onset of a seizure may be hard to detect since the frontal lobes contain and regulate many structures and functions about which relatively little is known. [ 3 ]
Signs and symptoms are classified into three groups based on the affected functions of the frontal and temporal lobes: [8] These are behavioural variant frontotemporal dementia, semantic dementia, and progressive nonfluent aphasia. An overlap between symptoms can occur as the disease progresses and spreads through the brain regions. [14]