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Power resources, which may be effective for one leader, dealing with one target or follower, may not work for a different leader and follower. The manner in which the power strategy is utilized will also affect its success or failure. Where coercion is deemed necessary, a leader might soften its negative effects with a touch of humor.
In the 1960s, psychologist David McClelland expanded on Murray's work, focusing on the effects of human needs in a work environment. [2] His need theory proposes that most people are consistently motivated by one of three basic desires: the need for affiliation, the need for achievement, or the need for power.
Power as a perception: Power is a perception in the sense that some people can have objective power but still have trouble influencing others. People who use power cues and act powerfully and proactively tend to be perceived as powerful by others. Some people become influential even though they do not overtly use powerful behavior.
In terms of political psychology, motivation is viewed as goal-oriented behavior driven by a need for four things; power, affiliation, intimacy, and achievement. [19] These categories were grouped by Winter (1996) from Murray's (1938) twenty suggested common human goals. Need for power affects the style in which a leader performs.
Research evaluating effects of goals on employee commitment found an indirect relationship mediated by employee perception of organizational support, suggesting that leaders directly support goal setting by individual employees. [78] Overall, the available evidence suggests that group goals can have a robust effect on group performance.
Gallup polling shows that effective leaders communicate openly, listen actively, and provide clear goals and steps to achieve them. Some large corporations have implemented comprehensive training ...
Communication and leadership during change encompasses topics of communication (transmission of information) and leadership (influence or guidance) during change. [1] The goal of leader development is "the expansion of the person's capacity to be effective in leadership roles and processes". [1] The two central elements to this are leadership ...
After army major general Chun Doo-hwan seized power in a coup and declared martial law in the 1980s, people lived under strict curfews and “anyone caught outside was taken to the Samcheong re ...