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A major cause of Bitot's spots is vitamin A deficiency (VAD). [4] Rarely, pellagra due to deficiency of vitamin B 3 (niacin) may also cause Bitot's spots. [5] They can also be caused by Colestyramine , which is a bile acid sequestrant which can reduce the absorption of fat soluble vitamins (Vitamins A, D, E, K)
Xerophthalmia (from Ancient Greek xērós (ξηρός) meaning "dry" and ophthalmos (οφθαλμός) meaning "eye") is a medical condition in which the eye fails to produce tears. It may be caused by vitamin A deficiency, [1] which is sometimes used to describe that condition, although there may be other causes.
Side effects of vitamin A supplements are rare. Vitamin A toxicity is a rare concern associated with high levels of vitamin A over prolonged periods of time. Symptoms may include nausea, vomiting, headache, dizziness, irritability, blurred vision, and a lack of muscle coordination. [32]
UNICEF regards addressing vitamin A deficiency as critical to reducing child mortality, the fourth of the United Nations' Millennium Development Goals. [10] During diagnosis, night blindness and dry eyes are signs of vitamin A deficiency that can be recognized without requiring biochemical tests. Plasma retinol is used to confirm vitamin A status.
Keratomalacia is an eye disorder that results from vitamin A deficiency. Vitamin A is required to maintain specialized epithelia (such as in the cornea and conjunctiva ). The precise mechanism is still not known, but vitamin A is necessary for the maintenance of the specialized epithelial surfaces of the body.
Vitamin B12 deficiency symptoms . Vitamin B12 deficiency has a few hallmark symptoms, according to doctors: Lack of energy. Mental fatigue. Nausea, vomiting, or diarrhea. Lack of appetite. Weight loss
Vitamin A is supplied through the diet, and a deficiency often results from poor dietary intake of Vitamin A-rich foods. [19] Low dietary levels of Vitamin A can be worsened by infections that cause inflammation in the gastrointestinal tract, which prevent the body from fully absorbing Vitamin A available within digested food.
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