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In the 1960s, psychologist David McClelland expanded on Murray's work, focusing on the effects of human needs in a work environment. [2] His need theory proposes that most people are consistently motivated by one of three basic desires: the need for affiliation, the need for achievement, or the need for power.
People may have a strong, particular desire to become an ideal parent, succeed athletically, or create paintings, pictures, or inventions. [31] To understand this level of need, a person must not only succeed in the previous needs but master them. Self-actualization can be described as a value-based system when discussing its role in motivation.
The natural system assumes that people have higher-order needs, which contrasts with the rational theory that suggests that people dislike work and only respond to rewards and punishment. [24] According to McGregor's Theory Y , human behavior is based on satisfying a hierarchy of needs: physiological, safety, social, ego, and self-fulfillment .
People who have a need for power prefer to work and place a high value on discipline. The downside to this motivational type is that group goals can become zero-sum in nature, that is, for one person to win, another must lose. However, this can be positively applied to help accomplish group goals and to help others in the group feel competent ...
Marx explained his belief that, in such a society, each person would be motivated to work for the good of society despite the absence of a social mechanism compelling them to work, because work would have become a pleasurable and creative activity. Marx intended the initial part of his slogan, "from each according to his ability" to suggest not ...
Work or labor (labour in Commonwealth English) is the intentional activity people perform to support the needs and desires of themselves, other people, or organizations. [1] In the context of economics , work can be viewed as the human activity that contributes (along with other factors of production ) towards the goods and services within an ...
Instead, communities, friends, and family provide the support people need to get by. Even if someone is seeing a therapist, these support systems act as a way to help someone through tough times ...
For example, the need for affiliation may drive a person to join a social organization. Needs are often influenced by environmental stimulus or "presses", another component of Murray's theory. Individual differences in levels of needs lead to the uniqueness of a person's personality; in other words, specific needs may be more important to some ...