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Income ratios include the pre-tax national income share held by top 10% of the population and the ratio of the upper bound value of the ninth decile (i.e. the 10% of people with highest income) to that of the upper bound value of the first decile (the ratio of the average income of the richest 10% to the poorest 10%).
The income index is one component of the Human Development Index, but is also used separately. [2] The adjustment of income for inequality based on the Gini coefficient was first proposed by Amartya Sen in 1976. [3] The adjustment was first applied by the UN on income data in 1993, before later being expanded to the general HDI. [4] All data is ...
The Index measures social mobility holistically through 5 determinants. The findings from the index were then used in the World Economic Forum's Global Social Mobility Report 2020, which provided recommendations for governments and businesses. Researchers have used the index to analyze income inequality and have determined reasons for countries ...
World map of subnational HDI (2018) The following list shows the subnational entities and regions with the highest and lowest Human Development Index (HDI) in the world and on different continents. The HDI is a summary measure of human development that considers three dimensions: health, education, and standard of living.
A high-income economy is defined by the World Bank as a country with a gross national income per capita of US$14,005 or more in 2023, calculated using the Atlas method. [1] While the term "high-income" is often used interchangeably with " First World " and " developed country ," the technical definitions of these terms differ.
The IHDI, estimated for the world and specific countries, captures the losses in human development due to inequality in health, education and income. Losses in all three dimensions vary across countries, ranging from just a few percent (e.g. Czech Republic and Slovenia) up to over 40% (e.g. Angola and Comoros). Overall loss takes into account ...
The indicators are used to create a health index, an education index and an income index, each with a value between 0 and 1. The geometric mean of the three indices—that is, the cube root of the product of the indices—is the human development index. A value above 0.800 is classified as very high, between 0.700 and 0.799 as high, 0.550 to 0. ...
Measures of personal income include average wage, real income, median income, disposable income and GNI per capita. Comparisons of GDP per capita are also frequently made on the basis of purchasing power parity (PPP), to adjust for differences in the cost of living in different countries, see List of countries by GDP (PPP) per capita .