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The Bharat Ratna (Hindi pronunciation: [bʱaːɾət̪ ɾət̪n̪ə]; lit. ' Jewel of India ') is the highest civilian award of the Republic of India.Instituted on 2 January 1954, the award is conferred in recognition of "exceptional service/performance of the highest order", without distinction of race, occupation, position or gender.
The following is an incomplete list of people who have either declined or renounced an Indian honour or decoration. These include recipients of the Bharat Ratna and the Padma awards (Padma Vibhushan, Padma Bhushan, Padma Shri), along with other Indian governmental awards. In some instances, the families of an intended posthumous recipient of a ...
Kalam was the third President of India to have been honoured with a Bharat Ratna, India's highest civilian honour, before becoming the President Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan (1954) and Zakir Husain (1963) were the earlier recipients of Bharat Ratna who later became the President of India. [51]
Bharat Ratna (1958) Padma Vibhushan (1955) Dhondo Keshav Karve (18 April 1858 – 9 November 1962) ( pronunciation ⓘ ), popularly known as Maharshi Karve , was a social reformer in India in the field of women's welfare .
Madurai Shanmukhavadivu Subbulakshmi (16 September 1916 – 11 December 2004) was an Indian Carnatic singer. She was the first musician ever to be awarded the Bharat Ratna - India's highest civilian honour, the first Indian musician to receive the Ramon Magsaysay award in 1974 and the first Indian to perform at the United Nations General Assembly in 1966.
Bharat Ratna (1961) Purushottam Das Tandon ( pronunciation ⓘ ; 1 August 1882 – 1 July 1962) was a freedom fighter from Allahabad , Uttar Pradesh , India. He is widely remembered for his opposition to the partition of India , as well as efforts in achieving the Official Language of India status for Hindi . [ 1 ]
Rajagopalachari founded the Swatantra Party and was one of the first recipients of India's highest civilian award, the Bharat Ratna. He vehemently opposed the use of nuclear weapons and was a proponent of world peace and disarmament. During his lifetime, he also acquired the nickname 'Mango of Salem'. [5]
Bharat Ratna (1957) Govind Ballabh Pant (10 September 1887 – 7 March 1961) was an Indian freedom fighter and the first chief minister of Uttar Pradesh . Alongside Mahatma Gandhi , Jawaharlal Nehru and Vallabh Bhai Patel , Pant was a key figure in the movement for India's Independence and later a pivotal figure in the Indian Government.