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Chemistry is the scientific study of the properties and behavior of matter. [1] It is a physical science within the natural sciences that studies the chemical elements that make up matter and compounds made of atoms, molecules and ions: their composition, structure, properties, behavior and the changes they undergo during reactions with other substances.
The following outline acts as an overview of and topical guide to chemistry: . Chemistry is the science of atomic matter (matter that is composed of chemical elements), especially its chemical reactions, but also including its properties, structure, composition, behavior, and changes as they relate to the chemical reactions.
An image from John Dalton's A New System of Chemical Philosophy, the first modern explanation of atomic theory.. This timeline of chemistry lists important works, discoveries, ideas, inventions, and experiments that significantly changed humanity's understanding of the modern science known as chemistry, defined as the scientific study of the composition of matter and of its interactions.
In chemistry, a reactivity series (or reactivity series of elements) is an empirical, calculated, and structurally analytical progression [1] of a series of metals, arranged by their "reactivity" from highest to lowest.
A chemical element is a chemical substance whose atoms all have the same number of protons.The number of protons is called the atomic number of that element. For example, oxygen has an atomic number of 8, meaning each oxygen atom has 8 protons in its nucleus.
In Sweden, ninth grade (sometimes also called year 9) is the last year of the upper stage of compulsory education (grundskola), sometimes known as högstadium. [43] [44] The students are usually 15–16 years old. [45] [46] At the end of ninth grade, students must sit national exams in Swedish, mathematics, English and sciences. [47]
Triple Award Science, commonly referred to as Triple Science, results in three separate GCSEs in Biology, Chemistry and Physics and provide the broadest coverage of the main three science subjects. The qualifications are offered by the five main awarding bodies in England; AQA , Edexcel , OCR , CIE and Eduqas .
Pupils usually either choose or start their options for their GCSE qualifications in Year 9. In Scotland, Year 9 is the equivalent to Second year (S2) where pupils start at the age of 12 or 13 and end at the age of 13 or 14. In Second year pupils pick subjects for Third year. In Northern Ireland, Year 9 is the second year of Secondary education ...