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  2. Uremia - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uremia

    Uremia is the condition of having high levels of urea in the blood. Urea is one of the primary components of urine.It can be defined as an excess in the blood of amino acid and protein metabolism end products, such as urea and creatinine, which would normally be excreted in the urine.

  3. Urea-to-creatinine ratio - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Urea-to-creatinine_ratio

    In medicine, the urea-to-creatinine ratio (UCR [1]), known in the United States as BUN-to-creatinine ratio, is the ratio of the blood levels of urea (mmol/L) and creatinine (Cr) (μmol/L). BUN only reflects the nitrogen content of urea (MW 28) and urea measurement reflects the whole of the molecule (MW 60), urea is just over twice BUN (60/28 ...

  4. Hyperuricemia - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hyperuricemia

    Hyperuricaemia or hyperuricemia is an abnormally high level of uric acid in the blood.In the pH conditions of body fluid, uric acid exists largely as urate, the ion form. [1] [2] Serum uric acid concentrations greater than 6 mg/dL for females, 7 mg/dL for males, and 5.5 mg/dL for youth (under 18 years old) are defined as hyperuricemia. [3]

  5. Azotemia - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Azotemia

    The increased reabsorption of Na leads to increased water and urea reabsorption from the proximal tubules of the kidney back into the blood. In contrast, creatinine is actually secreted in the proximal tubule. This generally leads to a BUN:Cr ratio greater than 20, a fractional excretion of Na of less than 1%, and an elevated urine osmolarity. [5]

  6. Nephritic syndrome - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nephritic_syndrome

    An elevated creatinine level is considered abnormal and may indicate decreased kidney function. [31] Blood urea nitrogen (BUN) - Also measured using a BMP or CMP, blood urea nitrogen is an indicator of how much nitrogen is in the blood at the time of the phlebotomy. The kidney is responsible for excreting nitrogenous substances in the urine, so ...

  7. Understanding hepatitis C: A growing public health concern - AOL

    www.aol.com/news/understanding-hepatitis-c...

    Mar. 14—Hepatitis C is a liver infection caused by the hepatitis C virus. It is becoming a big public health concern in many counties, including Lawrence County, encouraging us to review some ...

  8. Assessment of kidney function - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Assessment_of_kidney_function

    The GFR, however, does not reveal the source of the kidney disease. This is accomplished by urinalysis, measurement of urine protein excretion, kidney imaging, and, if necessary, kidney biopsy. [1] Much of renal physiology is studied at the level of the nephron – the smallest functional unit of the kidney

  9. Reference ranges for urine tests - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reference_ranges_for_urine...

    Reference ranges for urine tests are described below: Measurement Lower limit Upper limit ... per High Power Field (HPF) RBC casts: n/a 0 / negative [2] White blood ...