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A galvanic anode, or sacrificial anode, is the main component of a galvanic cathodic protection system used to protect buried or submerged metal structures from corrosion. They are made from a metal alloy with a more "active" voltage (more negative reduction potential / more positive oxidation potential ) than the metal of the structure.
Aluminum sacrificial anodes (light colored rectangular bars) mounted on a steel jacket structure. Zinc sacrificial anode (rounded object) screwed to the underside of the hull of a small boat. Cathodic protection (CP; / k æ ˈ θ ɒ d ɪ k / ⓘ) is a technique used to control the corrosion of a metal surface by making it the cathode of an ...
The capacity of a sacrificial metal may be calculated from first principle as follows: 1 kg Al = 1000/27 moles Al; 1 kg Al = 3 x 1000/27 moles of electrons; 1 kg Al = 3 x 1000/27 x 96494 coulombs of charge (by Faraday principles) = 10.72 x 10 6 Amp.seconds of charge per Kg Al (1 Coulomb = 1 Amp.Second) = 10.72 x 10 6 /3600 = 2978 Amp.Hours per Kg
Galvanized steel can last for many decades if other supplementary measures are maintained, such as paint coatings and additional sacrificial anodes. Corrosion in non-salty environments is caused mainly by levels of sulfur dioxide in the air. [10]
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Zinc acts as a sacrificial anode for protecting the iron (steel). While steel is close to E SCE = -400 mV (the potential refers to the standard Saturated calomel electrode (SCE), depending on the alloy composition, electroplated zinc is much more anodic with E SCE = -980 mV.
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