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Phenolphthalein is slightly soluble in water and usually is dissolved in alcohols in experiments. It is a weak acid, which can lose H + ions in solution. The nonionized phenolphthalein molecule is colorless and the double deprotonated phenolphthalein ion is fuchsia. Further proton loss in higher pH occurs slowly and leads to a colorless form.
This makes the three rings conjugate together to form an extended chromophore absorbing longer wavelength visible light to show a fuchsia color. [7] At pH ranges outside 0-12, other molecular structure changes result in other color changes; see Phenolphthalein details.
c 6 h 4 (ch 3) 2 + 7 + 1 / 2 o 2 → c 4 h 2 o 3 + 4 h 2 o + 4 co 2 Phthalic anhydride and maleic anhydride are recovered by distillation by a series of switch condensers . The naphthalene route (the Gibbs phthalic anhydride process or the Gibbs–Wohl naphthalene oxidation reaction) has declined relative to the o -xylene route.
Three different points in an acid-base titration using phenolphthalein as the indicator. Phenolphthalein is widely recognized as one of the most commonly used acid-base indicators in chemistry. [12] Its popularity is because of its effectiveness in a broad pH range and its distinct colour transitions. [12]
A pH indicator is a halochromic chemical compound added in small amounts to a solution so the pH (acidity or basicity) of the solution can be determined visually or spectroscopically by changes in absorption and/or emission properties. [1] Hence, a pH indicator is a chemical detector for hydronium ions (H 3 O +) or hydrogen ions (H +) in the ...
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