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GCM was designed by John Viega and David A. McGrew to be an improvement to Carter–Wegman counter mode (CWC mode). [4] In November 2007, NIST announced the release of NIST Special Publication 800-38D Recommendation for Block Cipher Modes of Operation: Galois/Counter Mode (GCM) and GMAC making GCM and GMAC official standards. [5]
Galois/counter mode (GCM) combines the well-known counter mode of encryption with the new Galois mode of authentication. The key feature is the ease of parallel computation of the Galois field multiplication used for authentication. This feature permits higher throughput than encryption algorithms.
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Like Galois/Counter Mode, AES-GCM-SIV combines the well-known counter mode of encryption with the Galois mode of authentication. The key feature is the use of a synthetic initialization vector (SIV) which is computed with Galois field multiplication using a construction called POLYVAL (a little-endian variant of Galois/Counter Mode's GHASH).
The basic operations of the LRW mode (AES cipher and Galois field multiplication) are the same as the ones used in the Galois/Counter Mode (GCM), thus permitting a compact implementation of the universal LRW/XEX/GCM hardware. The original XEX has a weakness. [12]
Counter mode with CBC-MAC (CCM) Galois/Counter Mode (GCM) Cipher Block Chaining (CBC) with HMAC-Secure Hash Algorithm; XTS-HMAC-Secure Hash Algorithm; The P1619.2 Standard for Wide-Block Encryption for Shared Storage Media has proposed algorithms including: Extended Codebook (XCB) Encrypt Mix Encrypt V2 (EME2)
One use of these instructions is to improve the speed of applications doing block cipher encryption in Galois/Counter Mode, which depends on finite field GF(2 k) multiplication. Another application is the fast calculation of CRC values, [3] including those used to implement the LZ77 sliding window DEFLATE algorithm in zlib and pngcrush.
NIST Special Publication 800-38D, Recommendation for Block Cipher Modes of Operation: Galois/Counter Mode (GCM) and GMAC; NIST Special Publication 800-38E, Recommendation for Block Cipher Modes of Operation: The XTS-AES Mode for Confidentiality on Storage Devices