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  2. Nichols radiometer - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nichols_radiometer

    Figures 1 and 2 in A Preliminary communication on the pressure of heat and light radiation, Phys. Rev. 13, 307-320 (1901).. A Nichols radiometer was the apparatus used by Ernest Fox Nichols and Gordon Ferrie Hull in 1901 for the measurement of radiation pressure.

  3. Light-emitting diode physics - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Light-emitting_diode_physics

    The light is emitted equally in all directions from the point-source, but can only escape the semiconductor's surface within a few degrees of perpendicular, illustrated by the cone shapes. When the critical angle is exceeded, photons are reflected internally. The areas between the cones represent the trapped light energy wasted as heat. [1]

  4. Thermal radiation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thermal_radiation

    Thermal energy is the kinetic energy of random movements of atoms and molecules in matter. It is present in all matter of nonzero temperature. These atoms and molecules are composed of charged particles, i.e., protons and electrons. The kinetic interactions among matter particles result in charge acceleration and dipole oscillation.

  5. Energy transformation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Energy_transformation

    Energy transformation, also known as energy conversion, is the process of changing energy from one form to another. [1] In physics , energy is a quantity that provides the capacity to perform work or moving (e.g. lifting an object) or provides heat .

  6. Thermal management of high-power LEDs - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thermal_management_of_high...

    Nearly all heat produced is conducted through the back side of the chip. [4] Heat is generated from the p–n junction by electrical energy that was not converted to useful light, and conducted to outside ambience through a long path, from junction to solder point, solder point to board, and board to the heat sink and then to the atmosphere. A ...

  7. Energy–momentum relation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Energy–momentum_relation

    The energy and momentum of an object measured in two inertial frames in energy–momentum space – the yellow frame measures E and p while the blue frame measures E ′ and p ′. The green arrow is the four-momentum P of an object with length proportional to its rest mass m 0.

  8. List of light sources - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_light_sources

    This is a list of sources of light, the visible part of the electromagnetic spectrum.Light sources produce photons from another energy source, such as heat, chemical reactions, or conversion of mass or a different frequency of electromagnetic energy, and include light bulbs and stars like the Sun. Reflectors (such as the moon, cat's eyes, and mirrors) do not actually produce the light that ...

  9. Portal:Energy - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portal:Energy

    Energy (from Ancient Greek ἐνέργεια (enérgeia) 'activity') is the quantitative property that is transferred to a body or to a physical system, recognizable in the performance of work and in the form of heat and light. Energy is a conserved quantity—the law of conservation of energy states that energy can be converted in form, but ...