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The longitudinal stability of an aircraft, also called pitch stability, [2] refers to the aircraft's stability in its plane of symmetry [2] about the lateral axis (the axis along the wingspan). [1] It is an important aspect of the handling qualities of the aircraft, and one of the main factors determining the ease with which the pilot is able ...
The roll axis (or longitudinal axis [5]) has its origin at the center of gravity and is directed forward, parallel to the fuselage reference line. Motion about this axis is called roll. An angular displacement about this axis is called bank. [3] A positive rolling motion lifts the left wing and lowers the right wing.
The most common aeronautical convention defines roll as acting about the longitudinal axis, positive with the starboard (right) wing down. Yaw is about the vertical body axis, positive with the nose to starboard. Pitch is about an axis perpendicular to the longitudinal plane of symmetry, positive nose up. [2]
push the fin, rudder, and other side areas aft of the plane's centre of gravity to the left, causing a right yaw-in, push side areas ahead of the centre of gravity to the left, causing a left yaw-out, push the right wingtip up, the left down, a left roll-out owing to the dihedral angle,
The axis is variously called the cylindrical or longitudinal axis, to differentiate it from the polar axis, which is the ray that lies in the reference plane, starting at the origin and pointing in the reference direction. Other directions perpendicular to the longitudinal axis are called radial lines.
Angle of incidence of an airplane wing on an airplane. On fixed-wing aircraft, the angle of incidence (sometimes referred to as the mounting angle [1] or setting angle) is the angle between the chord line of the wing where the wing is mounted to the fuselage, and a reference axis along the fuselage (often the direction of minimum drag, or where applicable, the longitudinal axis).
X stability axis is aligned into the direction of the oncoming air in steady flight. (It is projected into the plane made by the X and Z body axes if there is sideslip). Y stability axis is the same as the Y body-fixed axis. Z stability axis is perpendicular to the plane made by the X stability axis and the Y body axis.
The location of the reference datum is established by the manufacturer and is defined in the aircraft flight manual. The horizontal reference datum is an imaginary vertical plane or point, placed along the longitudinal axis of the aircraft, from which all horizontal distances are measured for weight and balance purposes.