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Electron binding energy, more commonly known as ionization energy, [3] is a measure of the energy required to free an electron from its atomic orbital or from a solid. The electron binding energy derives from the electromagnetic interaction of the electron with the nucleus and the other electrons of the atom , molecule or solid and is mediated ...
A graphical representation of the semi-empirical binding energy formula. The binding energy per nucleon in MeV (highest numbers in yellow, in excess of 8.5 MeV per nucleon) is plotted for various nuclides as a function of Z, the atomic number (y-axis), vs. N, the number of neutrons (x-axis). The highest numbers are seen for Z = 26 (iron).
The binding energy per nucleon (in MeV) shown as a function of the neutron number N and atomic number Z as given by the semi-empirical mass formula. A dashed line is included to show nuclides that have been discovered by experiment.
For a spherical body of uniform density, the gravitational binding energy U is given in newtonian gravity by the formula [2] [3] = where G is the gravitational constant, M is the mass of the sphere, and R is its radius.
Conversely, energy is released when a nucleus is created from free nucleons or other nuclei: the nuclear binding energy. Because of mass–energy equivalence (i.e. Einstein's formula E = mc 2), releasing this energy causes the mass of the nucleus to be lower than the total mass of the individual nucleons, leading to the so-called "mass defect". [6]
The bond dissociation energy (enthalpy) [4] is also referred to as bond disruption energy, bond energy, bond strength, or binding energy (abbreviation: BDE, BE, or D). It is defined as the standard enthalpy change of the following fission: R—X → R + X. The BDE, denoted by Dº(R—X), is usually derived by the thermochemical equation,
Exciton binding energy and radius can be extracted from optical absorption measurements in applied magnetic fields. [ 5 ] The exciton as a quasiparticle is characterized by the momentum (or wavevector K ) describing free propagation of the electron-hole pair as a composite particle in the crystalline lattice in agreement with the Bloch theorem .
This is possible due to a release of energy that occurs when the substrate binds to the active site of a catalyst. This energy is known as Binding Energy. Upon binding to a catalyst, substrates partake in numerous stabilizing forces while within the active site (e.g. hydrogen bonding or van der Waals forces). Specific and favorable bonding ...