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Copper plating on aluminium. Copper electroplating is the process of electroplating a layer of copper onto the surface of a metal object. Copper is used both as a standalone coating and as an undercoat onto which other metals are subsequently plated. [1]
The primary electrochemical process which occurs during aqueous electrodeposition is the electrolysis of water. This can be shown by the following two half reactions which occur at the two electrodes: Anode: 2H 2 O → O 2 (gas) + 4H(+) + 4e(-) Cathode: 4H 2 O + 4e(-) → 4OH(-) + 2H 2 (gas)
Simplified diagram for electroplating copper (orange) on a conductive object (the cathode, "Me", gray). The electrolyte is a solution of copper sulfate, CuSO 4 in sulfuric acid. A copper anode is used to replenish the electrolyte with copper cations Cu 2+ as they are plated out at the cathode.
For the Cu deposition (i.e. an additive manufacturing process), the IBM team in the late 1990’s selected electroplating. This started the ‘copper revolution” in the semiconductor / microchip industry. The copper plating starts with coating the walls of a via with a protective layer (Ta, TaN, SiN or SiC), that prevents Cu diffusion into ...
Specifically adsorbed ions (redox ion, which contributes to the pseudocapacitance), 6. Molecules of the electrolyte solvent. D. C. Grahame modified the Stern model in 1947. [12] He proposed that some ionic or uncharged species can penetrate the Stern layer, although the closest approach to the electrode is normally occupied by solvent molecules.
During atomic layer deposition, a film is grown on a substrate by exposing its surface to alternate gaseous species (typically referred to as precursors or reactants). In contrast to chemical vapor deposition, the precursors are never present simultaneously in the reactor, but they are inserted as a series of sequential, non-overlapping pulses.
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Copper foil is a thin sheet of copper metal that is widely used in various applications due to its excellent electrical conductivity, malleability, and corrosion resistance. It is an essential material in the electronics industry, especially for manufacturing printed circuit boards (PCBs) and other electronic components.