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A less invasive procedure is pneumatic vitreolysis. [6] This approach may be more cost effective and has a low reported rate of post-procedure side effects or complications. [6] Vitreolysis using an enzymatic (enzymatic vitreolysis) approach may also be used, however, this is more costly and may be associated with more adverse effects. [6]
Laser vitreolysis is a possible treatment option for the removal of vitreous strands and opacities (floaters). In this procedure an ophthalmic laser (usually a yttrium aluminium garnet (YAG) laser) applies a series of nanosecond pulses of low-energy laser light to evaporate the vitreous opacities and to sever the vitreous strands. When ...
Pharmacologic vitreolysis is an improvement over invasive surgery as it induces complete separation, creates a more physiologic state of the vitreomacular interface, prevents the development of fibrovascular membranes, is less traumatic to the vitreous, and is potentially prophylactic.
Photodisruption is a form of minimally invasive surgery used in ophthalmology, utilizing infrared Nd:YAG lasers to form plasma ("lightning bolt"), which then causes acoustic shock waves ("thunderclap") which then in turn affects tissue.
Nd:YAG (neodymium-doped yttrium aluminum garnet; Nd:Y 3 Al 5 O 12) is a crystal that is used as a lasing medium for solid-state lasers. The dopant , neodymium in the +3 oxidation state, Nd(III), typically replaces a small fraction (1%) of the yttrium ions in the host crystal structure of the yttrium aluminum garnet (YAG), since the two ions are ...
Nd:YAG laser has been abandoned due to risks of damaging the colon wall, fibrosis, stricture formation, and recto-vaginal fistula, and severe damage in case of accidents, as well as the cost. [11] The other two modalities were largely replaced by argon plasma coagulation by 2011, which is safer and less expensive. [11]
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Holmium YAG (Ho:YAG) laser 2.1 μm Flashlamp, laser diode Tissue ablation, kidney stone removal, dentistry. Chromium ZnSe (Cr:ZnSe) laser 2.2 - 2.8 μm Other laser (Tm fiber) MWIR laser radar, countermeasure against heat-seeking missiles etc. Cerium-doped lithium strontium (or calcium) aluminum fluoride (Ce:LiSAF, Ce:LiCAF) ~280 to 316 nm