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The above example commits the correlation-implies-causation fallacy, as it prematurely concludes that sleeping with one's shoes on causes headache. A more plausible explanation is that both are caused by a third factor, in this case going to bed drunk, which thereby gives rise to a correlation. So the conclusion is false. Example 2
Here is the example the two events may coincide or correlate, but have no causal connection. [2] Fallacies of questionable cause include: Circular cause and consequence [citation needed] Correlation implies causation (cum hoc, ergo propter hoc) Third-cause fallacy; Wrong direction; Fallacy of the single cause; Post hoc ergo propter hoc ...
The fallacy lies in a conclusion based solely on the order of events, rather than taking into account other factors potentially responsible for the result that might rule out the connection. [2] A simple example is "The rooster crows immediately before sunrise; therefore the rooster causes the sun to rise." [3]
The fallacy of the single cause, also known as complex cause, causal oversimplification, [1] causal reductionism, root cause fallacy, and reduction fallacy, [2] is an informal fallacy of questionable cause that occurs when it is assumed that there is a single, simple cause of an outcome when in reality it may have been caused by a number of only jointly sufficient causes.
Logical Fallacies, Literacy Education Online; Informal Fallacies, Texas State University page on informal fallacies; Stephen's Guide to the Logical Fallacies (mirror) Visualization: Rhetological Fallacies, Information is Beautiful; Master List of Logical Fallacies, University of Texas at El Paso; Fallacies, Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy
This category is for questionable cause fallacies, ... Correlation does not imply causation; F. Fallacy of the single cause; G. Gambler's conceit; Gambler's fallacy;
For example, Donald Trump has vowed to appoint someone to the Supreme Court who would be willing to overturn landmark reproductive rights case Roe v. Wade. History tells us that matters like marriage equality, voting rights, abortion access and campaign finance are often adjudicated through the court system.
G. I. Joe fallacy, the tendency to think that knowing about cognitive bias is enough to overcome it. [65] Gambler's fallacy, the tendency to think that future probabilities are altered by past events, when in reality they are unchanged. The fallacy arises from an erroneous conceptualization of the law of large numbers. For example, "I've ...