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A volcanic tsunami, also called a volcanogenic tsunami, is a tsunami produced by volcanic phenomena. About 20–25% of all fatalities at volcanoes during the past 250 years have been caused by volcanic tsunamis. The most devastating volcanic tsunami in recorded history was that produced by the 1883 eruption of Krakatoa. The waves reached ...
A tsunami hitting a coastline. This article lists notable tsunamis, which are sorted by the date and location that they occurred.. Because of seismic and volcanic activity associated with tectonic plate boundaries along the Pacific Ring of Fire, tsunamis occur most frequently in the Pacific Ocean, [1] but are a worldwide natural phenomenon.
Based on examining historical observations of the eruption, Pranantyo and others interpreted it as the partial collapse of the eastern volcanic flank. Simulation of a flank collapse and the triggered tsunami indicate the volume of the slide at 0.1 km 3 (0.024 cu mi) best fit the historical descriptions of the tsunami heights on nearby islands. [1]
Lithograph of the eruption c. 1888. The 1883 eruption of Krakatoa (Indonesian: Letusan Krakatau 1883) in the Sunda Strait occurred from 20 May until 21 October 1883, peaking in the late morning of 27 August when over 70% of the island of Krakatoa and its surrounding archipelago were destroyed as it collapsed into a caldera.
The 1792 Unzen landslide and tsunami resulted from the volcanic activities of Mount Unzen (in the Shimabara Peninsula of Nagasaki Prefecture, Japan) on 21 May.This caused the collapse of the southern flank of the Mayuyama dome in front of Mount Unzen, resulting in a tremendous tsunami, killing 15,000 people altogether. [2]
The term "tsunami" is a borrowing from the Japanese tsunami 津波, meaning "harbour wave."For the plural, one can either follow ordinary English practice and add an s, or use an invariable plural as in the Japanese. [14]
1741 eruption of Oshima–Ōshima and the Kampo tsunami; 1871 Ruang eruption and tsunami; 1979 Lembata tsunami; 2002 Stromboli tsunami; 2018 Sunda Strait tsunami; 2022 Hunga Tonga–Hunga Haʻapai eruption and tsunami
An event of this sort would go undetected by humans because of the low–frequency ground motions. Tsunami earthquakes rupture the shallowest section of the subduction boundary, which generates large tsunami run-ups. [22] The earthquake theory also did not rule out the possibility of the volcano collapsing because of the extreme tsunami run–ups.