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Before World War II, the events of 1914–1918 were generally known as the Great War or simply the World War. [1] In August 1914, the magazine The Independent wrote "This is the Great War. It names itself". [2] In October 1914, the Canadian magazine Maclean's similarly wrote, "Some wars name themselves. This is the Great War."
Dates Theater/Front/Campaign Events January 2 Eastern: The Russian offensive in the Carpathians begins. It will continue until April 12. January 4–11 Middle Eastern, Persian: Ottomans occupy Urmia and Tabriz by surprise. January 18 Politics: Japan attempts to impose its Twenty-One Demands on neutral China. January 18–19 African, East African
The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to World War I: . World War I – major war centred in Europe that began on 28 July 1914 and lasted until 11 November 1918.
Germany was the leader of the Central Powers, which included Austria-Hungary at the start of the war as well as the Ottoman Empire and Bulgaria; arrayed against them were the Allies, consisting chiefly of Russia, France, and Britain at the beginning of the war, Italy, which joined the Allies in 1915, and the United States, which joined the ...
By 20 July, the Germans had retreated across the Marne to their starting lines, [48] having achieved little, and the German Army never regained the initiative. German casualties between March and April 1918 were 270,000, including many highly trained stormtroopers.
The U.S. made its major contributions in terms of supplies, raw material, and money, starting in 1917. American soldiers under General of the Armies John Pershing, Commander-in-Chief of the American Expeditionary Force (AEF), arrived at the rate of 10,000 soldiers a day on the Western Front in the summer of 1918.
The start of the war re-focussed attention on old Russian goals: expelling the Ottomans from Constantinople, extending Russian dominion into eastern Anatolia and Persian Azerbaijan, and annexing Galicia. Conquest of the Straits would have assured Russian predominance in the Black Sea and Russian access to the Mediterranean. [105]
The situation at the start of 1917 was such that there was clear pressure on the German leadership to avoid a "war of exhaustion", [8] while the softening of neutral trade reduced the importance to keep the neutral countries on side. [9] Germany, for her part, had considered a blockade from 1914.