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William James in 1890 proposed four basic emotions: fear, grief, love, and rage, based on bodily involvement. [35] Paul Ekman identified six basic emotions: anger, disgust, fear, happiness, sadness and surprise. [36] Wallace V. Friesen and Phoebe C. Ellsworth worked with him on the same basic structure. [37] The emotions can be linked to facial ...
Traditionally, those included happiness, surprise, fear, disgust, anger and sadness - but after observing reactions to faces exemplifying those emotions, researchers now say there's some overlap.
Basic Emotions: Prinz's theory is associated with the idea of basic emotions, which are a limited set of universal and biologically driven emotional states. He argues that attributions of basic emotions are part of human cognitive architecture and that these attributions are made automatically and rapidly.
Emotion is a cognitive experience innate to humans. Basic emotions such as joy, distress, anger, fear, surprise, and disgust are common to all cultures, though social norms regarding the expression of emotion may vary. Other emotions come from higher cognition, such as love, guilt, shame, embarrassment, pride, envy, and jealousy.
He was ranked 59th out of the 100 most eminent psychologists of the twentieth century in 2002 by the Review of General Psychology. [3] His empirical and theoretical work helped to restart the study of emotion and non-verbal communication in the field of psychology, and introduced new quantitative frameworks which researchers could use to do so.
In other words, emotion is a physical compound constituted by a number of more basic ingredients. This view comes from the psychological constructionist tradition, a more recent and theoretically rich approach. [3] Earlier tradition in the study of human emotion can be broadly divided into two, namely appraisal and basic emotion approach.
The existence of basic emotions and their defining attributes represents a long lasting and yet unsettled issue in psychology. [101] The available research suggests that the neurobiological existence of basic emotions is still tenable and heuristically seminal, pending some reformulation.
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