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The following tables list several romanization schemes from the Greek alphabet to modern English. Note, however, that the ELOT, UN, and ISO formats for Modern Greek intend themselves as translingual and may be applied in any language using the Latin alphabet.
The charts below show how the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA) represents the Ancient Greek (AG) and Modern Greek (MG) pronunciations in Wikipedia articles. The Ancient Greek pronunciation shown here is a reconstruction of the Attic dialect in the 5th century BC.
The Greek alphabet has been used to write the Greek language since the late 9th or early 8th century BC. [ 2 ] [ 3 ] It was derived from the earlier Phoenician alphabet , [ 4 ] and is the earliest known alphabetic script to have developed distinct letters for consonants as well as vowels . [ 5 ]
In linguistics, romanization is the conversion of text from a different writing system to the Roman (Latin) script, or a system for doing so. Methods of romanization include transliteration , for representing written text, and transcription , for representing the spoken word, and combinations of both.
Transliteration is a type of conversion of a text from one script to another that involves swapping letters (thus trans-+ liter-) in predictable ways, such as Greek α → a , Cyrillic д → d , Greek χ → the digraph ch , Armenian ն → n or Latin æ → ae . [1]
The reason for this is the fact that text written in Greeklish is considerably less aesthetically pleasing, and also much harder to read, compared to text written in the Greek alphabet. A non-Greek speaker/reader can guess this by this example: "δις ιζ χαρντ του ριντ" would be the way to write "this is hard to read" in English ...
The transcription table is based on the first edition (1982) of the ELOT 743 transcription and transliteration system created by ELOT and officially adopted by the Greek government. The transliteration table provided major changes to the original one by ELOT, which in turn aligned to ISO 843 for the second edition of its ELOT 743 (2001).
The following is an alphabetical list of Greek and Latin roots, stems, and prefixes commonly used in the English language from A to G. See also the lists from H to O and from P to Z . Some of those used in medicine and medical technology are not listed here but instead in the entry for List of medical roots, suffixes and prefixes .