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Self-assembled monolayers (SAM) of organic molecules are molecular assemblies formed spontaneously on surfaces by adsorption and are organized into more or less large ordered domains. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] In some cases molecules that form the monolayer do not interact strongly with the substrate.
For example, in teletraffic engineering, packet switched data traffic patterns seem to be statistically self-similar. [9] This property means that simple models using a Poisson distribution are inaccurate, and networks designed without taking self-similarity into account are likely to function in unexpected ways.
Pattern theory, formulated by Ulf Grenander, is a mathematical formalism to describe knowledge of the world as patterns.It differs from other approaches to artificial intelligence in that it does not begin by prescribing algorithms and machinery to recognize and classify patterns; rather, it prescribes a vocabulary to articulate and recast the pattern concepts in precise language.
The sampling theory of Shannon can be generalized for the case of nonuniform sampling, that is, samples not taken equally spaced in time. The Shannon sampling theory for non-uniform sampling states that a band-limited signal can be perfectly reconstructed from its samples if the average sampling rate satisfies the Nyquist condition. [ 5 ]
Gestalt pattern matching, [1] also Ratcliff/Obershelp pattern recognition, [2] is a string-matching algorithm for determining the similarity of two strings. It was developed in 1983 by John W. Ratcliff and John A. Obershelp and published in the Dr. Dobb's Journal in July 1988.
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In probability theory and information theory, the mutual information (MI) of two random variables is a measure of the mutual dependence between the two variables. More specifically, it quantifies the " amount of information " (in units such as shannons ( bits ), nats or hartleys ) obtained about one random variable by observing the other random ...
Image credits: danngree People just seem to love dogs, and it’s estimated that over 65 million American households own one.It’s not just the fact that they look cute, but these pooches also ...