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  2. Reservation price - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reservation_price

    A reservation price can be used to help calculate the consumer surplus or the producer surplus with reference to the equilibrium price. The reason why consumers are able to experience a surplus is due to single pricing, which put simply is the same price being charged to every consumer at a given level of output. Some buyers are therefore ...

  3. Cost-plus pricing - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cost-plus_pricing

    Markup price = (unit cost * markup percentage) Markup price = $450 * 0.12 Markup price = $54 Sales Price = unit cost + markup price. Sales Price= $450 + $54 Sales Price = $504 Ultimately, the $54 markup price is the shop's margin of profit. Cost-plus pricing is common and there are many examples where the margin is transparent to buyers. [4]

  4. Dynamic pricing - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dynamic_pricing

    Cost-plus pricing is the most basic method of pricing. A store will simply charge consumers the cost required to produce a product plus a predetermined amount of profit. Cost-plus pricing is simple to execute, but it only considers internal information when setting the price and does not factor in external influencers like market reactions, the weather, or changes in consumer va

  5. Penetration pricing - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Penetration_pricing

    Penetration pricing is a pricing strategy where the price of a product is initially set low to rapidly reach a wide fraction of the market and initiate word of mouth. [1] The strategy works on the expectation that customers will switch to the new brand because of the lower price.

  6. Congestion pricing - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Congestion_pricing

    Congestion pricing was developed as a first-best solution, based on the assumption that the optimal price of road space equals the marginal cost price if all other goods in the economy are also marginal cost priced. In the real world this is not true, thus, actual implementation of congestion pricing is just a proxy or second-best solution.

  7. Menu cost - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Menu_cost

    When a company's menu costs a lot in economic markets, the price adjustment is usually major. The company would not engage in price adjustment if profit margins start to fall to the point where menu costs lead to more revenue losses. [17] The type of company and the technology used determine factors that change prices and costs. For example, it ...

  8. List of alcohol laws of the United States - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_alcohol_laws_of...

    Sellers or servers may not, for any reason, give a person alcohol for free or sell it for less than its cost. Sellers and servers may drink while on duty, but no intoxicated person may remain on the premises, so an impaired server could be arrested. [12] Arizona No 6 a.m. – 2 a.m. seven days a week—no election day nor holiday restrictions [15]

  9. Mobile catering - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mobile_catering

    Mobile catering is the business of selling prepared food from some sort of vehicle. It is a feature of urban culture in many countries. [ 1 ] Mobile catering can be performed using food trucks , trailers, carts and food stands with many types of foods that can be prepared.