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A torii gateway to the Yobito Shrine (Yobito-jinja) in Abashiri City, HokkaidoThere is no universally agreed definition of Shinto. [2] According to Joseph Cali and John Dougill, if there was "one single, broad definition of Shinto" that could be put forward, it would be that "Shinto is a belief in kami", the supernatural entities at the centre of the religion. [3]
As there is an underlying concept of doing all one can with sincerity, [4] there are many changes in the contents of the shinsen depending on season or region. There are regions where the custom of offering up the first produce of the year before an altar without eating it remains, [5] but there are also areas where offerings are selected from amongst the seasonal foods.
According to a survey conducted by the Jinja Honcho in 2015, only 2% of shrines have an annual income of more than 100 million yen, while about 60% of shrines have an annual income of less than 3 million yen. The number of shrines with an annual income of less than 3 million yen was about 60%. [209]
Yoshida Shinto held that Shintō was the primal religion of the world, which in turn gave rise to Buddhism and Confucianism. However, Shintō was seen not only as the source of creation, but also as the source of all principle in the world. In this sense, Shinto was seen as a divine essence or energy rather than a teaching. [1]
In all Shinto religious ceremonies, harae is performed in the beginning of the ritual to cleanse any evil, pollution or sins away before anyone gives offerings to the kami. Often, water and salt are used for the ceremonies to rinse hands and the face, as well as the shrine before it is prepared with offerings of goods and food. [ 6 ]
In Kyoto, people douse themselves under Kiyomizu Temple's Otowa no taki (Sound-of-Wings) waterfall, although the majority of visitors drink from the waters rather than plunging into them. [2] In the United States, misogi was performed at the Tsubaki Grand Shrine of America at the Konryu Myojin no Taki waterfall each morning in the years prior ...
The "State Shinto" ideology presented Shinto as something beyond religion, "a unity of government and teaching ... not a religion." [6]: 66 Rather than a religious practice, Shinto was understood as a form of education, which "consists of the traditions of the imperial house, beginning in the age of gods and continuing through history."
Omiki (お神酒) is an offering of sake or other alcoholic drinks offered to gods in Japanese Shinto. [1] [2] [3] Sake is often consumed as part of Shinto purification rituals. [4] People drink omiki with gods to communicate with them and to solicit rich harvests the following year.