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Phenobarbital, also known as phenobarbitone or phenobarb, sold under the brand name Luminal among others, is a medication of the barbiturate type. [6] It is recommended by the World Health Organization (WHO) for the treatment of certain types of epilepsy in developing countries . [ 8 ]
Luminal (phenobarbital) – a barbiturate with sedative and hypnotic properties; R. Remeron (mirtazapine) – an atypical antidepressant, used off-label as a sleep aid;
Tedral is also composed of phenobarbital, therefore, it is contraindicated for individuals with: [8] [5] [20] Hypersensitivity to phenobarbital, barbiturates or any component of the formulation. A history/manifest or latent porphyria; Liver impairment; Nephritic syndrome (at high dose) A history of sedative-hypnotic drug addiction
Sodium thiopental is an ultra-short-acting barbiturate and has been used commonly in the induction phase of general anesthesia.Its use has been largely replaced with that of propofol, but may retain some popularity as an induction agent for rapid-sequence induction and intubation, such as in obstetrics. [12]
Phenobarbital was first used in 1912 for both its sedative and antiepileptic properties. By the 1930s, the development of animal models in epilepsy research led to the development of phenytoin by Tracy Putnam and H. Houston Merritt , which had the distinct advantage of treating epileptic seizures with less sedation. [ 44 ]
Typical applications for pentobarbital are sedative, short term hypnotic, preanesthetic, insomnia treatment, and control of convulsions in emergencies. [3] Abbott Pharmaceutical discontinued manufacture of their Nembutal brand of Pentobarbital capsules in 1999, largely replaced by the benzodiazepine family of drugs.
Corvalol (Корвалол, Corvalolum, Korvalol) is a tranquilizer based on the herb valerian (Valeriana officinalis) root, as well peppermint oil Mentha piperita and hop extract Humulus lupulus and the barbiturate phenobarbital, popular in Eastern Europe and the former Soviet Union as a heart medication. It is available as a transparent ...
Phenobarbital reduces the half-life to 4.8 ± 1.3 and increases the clearance by almost 109%. [66] It also interferes with the metabolism of dexamethasone , a synthetic steroid hormone, to the point where its withdrawal from the regimen of a 14-year-old living in the United Kingdom made her hypercortisolemic . [ 67 ]