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Infective endocarditis occurs in males more often than in females. [1] The risk of death among those infected is about 25%. [6] Without treatment, it is almost universally fatal. [1] Improved diagnosis and treatment options have significantly enhanced the life expectancy of patients with infective endocarditis, particularly with congenital ...
Endocarditis is an inflammation of the inner layer of the heart, the endocardium.It usually involves the heart valves.Other structures that may be involved include the interventricular septum, the chordae tendineae, the mural endocardium, or the surfaces of intracardiac devices.
Other strains of streptococci can cause subacute endocarditis as well. These include streptococcus intermedius, which can cause acute or subacute infection (about 15% of cases pertaining to infective endocarditis). [7] Enterococci from urinary tract infections and coagulase negative staphylococci can also be causative agents. [5]
Based on previous studies, though, the risk of endocarditis following cutaneous surgery is low and thus the use of antibiotic prophylaxis is controversial. Although this practice is appropriate for high-risk patients when skin is contaminated, it is not recommended for noneroded, noninfected skin.
The nodes are commonly indicative of subacute bacterial endocarditis. [3] 10–25% of endocarditis patients will have Osler's nodes. [4] Other signs of endocarditis include Roth's spots and Janeway lesions. The latter, which also occur on the palms and soles, can be differentiated from Osler's nodes because they are non-tender. [2]
Linezolid appears to be a reasonable therapeutic option for infective endocarditis caused by multi-resistant Gram-positive bacteria, despite a lack of high-quality evidence to support this use. [36] [37] Results in the treatment of enterococcal endocarditis have varied, with some cases treated successfully and others not responding to therapy.
Loeffler endocarditis is a form of heart disease characterized by a stiffened, poorly-functioning heart caused by infiltration of the heart by white blood cells known as eosinophils. [1] Restrictive cardiomyopathy is a disease of the heart muscle which results in impaired diastolic filling of the heart ventricles , i.e. the large heart chambers ...
Inflammation of the heart valves due to any cause is called valvular endocarditis; this is usually due to bacterial infection but may also be due to cancer (marantic endocarditis), certain autoimmune conditions (Libman-Sacks endocarditis, seen in systemic lupus erythematosus) and hypereosinophilic syndrome (Loeffler endocarditis).