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The US label for sodium oxybate has a black box warning because it is a central nervous system depressant (CNS depressant) and for its potential for abuse.Other potential adverse side effects include respiratory depression, seizures, coma, and death, especially when it is taken in combination with other CNS depressants such as alcohol.
The sodium oxybate component of Xywav was granted orphan drug designation in November 1994 by the FDA. [ 8 ] [ 6 ] Xywav is a prescription drug and a Schedule III controlled substance in the United States.
It is commonly used in the form of a salt, such as sodium γ-hydroxybutyrate (NaGHB, sodium oxybate, or Xyrem) or potassium γ-hydroxybutyrate (KGHB, potassium oxybate). GHB is also produced as a result of fermentation, and is found in small quantities in some beers and wines, beef, and small citrus fruits.
- Calcium oxybate, magnesium oxybate, sodium oxybate (Xyrem), potassium oxybate (Xywav is a mixture of all these salts.) 3-hydroxycyclopent-1-enecarboxylic acid (HOCPCA) γ-hydroxycrotonic acid, trans-4-Hydroxycrotonic acid (GHC, T-HCA) Amisulpride, levosulpiride, sulpiride, sultopride (antipsychotic GHB receptor ligands) 3-Chloropropanoic acid ...
“Sodium is an electrolyte needed for balanced fluid and blood volume and important cellular functions," Dr. Tracy said. "Athletes lose a lot of salt when they sweat. This needs to be replaced to ...
Sodium oxybate, [64] also known as sodium gamma-hydroxybutyrate (GHB), can be used for cataplexy associated with narcolepsy and excessive daytime sleepiness associated with narcolepsy. [ 64 ] [ 65 ] [ 17 ] [ 66 ] There are now three formulations of oxybate medications (twice-nightly sodium oxybate , twice nightly mixed salts oxybate, and once ...
Phenibut is used in Russia, Ukraine, Belarus and Latvia as a pharmaceutical drug to treat anxiety and to improve sleep (e.g., in the treatment of insomnia). [5] [6] It is also used for various other indications, including the treatment of asthenia, depression, alcoholism, alcohol withdrawal syndrome, post-traumatic stress disorder, stuttering, tics, vestibular disorders, Ménière's disease ...
3-Hydroxybutanal – synthetic hypnotic and sedative drug; GHB (γ-hydroxybutyric acid) – neurotransmitter, drug of abuse; agonist of GHB receptor and GABA B receptor. Derivatives: sodium oxybate (sodium γ-hydroxybutanoate) – used to treat narcolepsy; same mechanism of action as GHB