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  2. Truth value - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Truth_value

    In realizability truth values are sets of programs, which can be understood as computational evidence of validity of a formula. For example, the truth value of the statement "for every number there is a prime larger than it" is the set of all programs that take as input a number , and output a prime larger than .

  3. Propositional calculus - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Propositional_calculus

    A truth table is a semantic proof method used to determine the truth value of a propositional logic expression in every possible scenario. [92] By exhaustively listing the truth values of its constituent atoms, a truth table can show whether a proposition is true, false, tautological, or contradictory. [93] See § Semantic proof via truth tables.

  4. Truth function - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Truth_function

    In logic, a truth function [1] is a function that accepts truth values as input and produces a unique truth value as output. In other words: the input and output of a truth function are all truth values; a truth function will always output exactly one truth value, and inputting the same truth value(s) will always output the same truth value.

  5. Propositional formula - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Propositional_formula

    The symbols used will vary from author to author and between fields of endeavor. In general the abbreviations "T" and "F" stand for the evaluations TRUTH and FALSITY applied to the variables in the propositional formula (e.g. the assertion: "That cow is blue" will have the truth-value "T" for Truth or "F" for Falsity, as the case may be.).

  6. Truth table - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Truth_table

    A truth table is a mathematical table used in logic—specifically in connection with Boolean algebra, Boolean functions, and propositional calculus—which sets out the functional values of logical expressions on each of their functional arguments, that is, for each combination of values taken by their logical variables. [1]

  7. Three-valued logic - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Three-valued_logic

    Broadly speaking, the primary motivation for research of three valued logic is to represent the truth value of a statement that cannot be represented as true or false. [8] Ɓukasiewicz initially developed three valued logic for the problem of future contingents to represent the truth value of statements about the undetermined future.

  8. Boolean algebra - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boolean_algebra

    In mathematics and mathematical logic, Boolean algebra is a branch of algebra.It differs from elementary algebra in two ways. First, the values of the variables are the truth values true and false, usually denoted 1 and 0, whereas in elementary algebra the values of the variables are numbers.

  9. Boolean satisfiability problem - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boolean_satisfiability_problem

    Given a conjunctive normal form with three literals per clause, the problem is to determine if an assignment to the variables exists such that in no clause all three literals have the same truth value. This problem is NP-complete, too, even if no negation symbols are admitted, by Schaefer's dichotomy theorem. [14]