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A transform fault or transform boundary, is a fault along a plate boundary where the motion is predominantly horizontal. [1] It ends abruptly where it connects to another plate boundary, either another transform, a spreading ridge, or a subduction zone. [2] A transform fault is a special case of a strike-slip fault that also forms a plate boundary.
The Motagua Fault, which crosses through Guatemala, is a transform boundary between the southern edge of the North American plate and the northern edge of the Caribbean plate. New Zealand's Alpine Fault is another active transform boundary. The Dead Sea Transform (DST) fault which runs through the Jordan River Valley in the Middle East.
This boundary has experienced a vast right-lateral transform fault called the Balleny Fault Zone, which is also thought to be caused in response to the formation of the Emerald Fracture Zone. [5] This large offset in the Southeast Indian Ridge is thought to have produced a significant difference in crustal thickness within the Australian plate ...
Map of the Dead Sea Transform showing the main fault segments and motion of the Arabian plate relative to the African plate, [1] from GPS data The Dead Sea Transform (DST) fault system, also sometimes referred to as the Dead Sea Rift, is a series of faults that run for about 1,000 km from the Marash triple junction (a junction with the East Anatolian Fault in southeastern Turkey) to the ...
To the south, the San Andreas Fault, a strike-slip fault and transform plate boundary, separates the Pacific plate and the North American plate. To the north lies the Cascadia subduction zone, where a section of the Juan de Fuca plate called the Gorda plate is being subducted under the North American plate, forming a trench (T).
Motion along the Mendocino Transform Fault (MTF) is right-lateral on E–W oriented, vertically dipping planes. Within the portion of North American crust overlying the Gorda slab, motion on faults is reverse, and in April 1992, a M 7.1 earthquake ruptured the southern portion of the Cascadia subduction zone. Similar to the general seismicity ...
Globally most fault zones are located on divergent plate boundaries on oceanic crust. This means that they are located around mid-ocean ridges and trend perpendicular to them. The term fracture zone is used almost exclusively for features on oceanic crust; similar structures on continental crust are instead termed transform or strike slip faults.
Tectonic map of Alaska and northwestern Canada showing main faults and historic earthquakes. The Queen Charlotte Fault is an active transform fault that marks the boundary of the North American plate and the Pacific plate. [1] [2] It is Canada's right-lateral strike-slip equivalent to the San Andreas Fault to the south in California. [3]