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A tithi corresponds to the concept of a lunar day. Tithi have Sanskrit numbers according by their position in the pakṣa, i.e. prathama (first), dvitīya (second) etc. The fifteenth, that is, the last tithi of a kṛṣṇa pakṣa is called amāvāsya (new moon) and the fifteenth tithi of a śukla pakṣa is called pūrṇimā (full moon). [7]
The astronomical basis of the Hindu lunar day. In Vedic timekeeping, a tithi is a "duration of two faces of moon that is observed from earth", known as milа̄lyа̄ (Newar: 𑐩𑐶𑐮𑐵𑐮𑑂𑐫𑐵𑑅, मिलाल्याः) in Nepal Bhasa, [1] or the time it takes for the longitudinal angle between the Moon and the Sun to increase by 12°.
A lunar day or tithi may, for example, begin in the middle of an afternoon and end next afternoon. [50] Both these days do not directly correspond to a mathematical measure for a day such as equal 24 hours of a solar year, a fact that the Hindu calendar scholars knew, but the system of divasa was convenient for the general population.
Some Tamil homes observe nombu and do Lakshmi Puja on this day. In Karnataka, the festival of Deepavali starts from this day i.e., Naraka Chathurdashi with early morning traditional oil bath, aarti followed by bursting firecrackers and extends till Bali Padyami, which is the main day of Deepavali celebration, when cows are decorated and worshipped.
On Vaishaka-Krishna-Chaturdashi (14th), the Moon covers this distance within a single solar day; hence this day is a Kshaya tithi and is not marked on the lunisolar calendar. On Jyeshta-Shukla-Dashami (10th), the Moon covers this distance over the start of two solar days; hence this days is an Adhika tithi and is marked twice on the lunisolar ...
Shashthi (Sanskrit: षष्ठी, romanized: Ṣaṣṭhī) also referred to as Chhath is the sixth day of the lunar fortnight in the Hindu calendar. [1] It is tithi (lunar day) of a paksha , the fourteen-day phase of the moon.
Literally meaning "side", [3] a paksha is the period either side of the purnima (full moon day). A lunar month in the Hindu calendar has two fortnights, and begins with the purnima ( new moon ). The lunar days are called tithis ; each month has 30 tithi s, which may vary from 20 – 27 hours.
Dwadashi (Sanskrit: द्वादशी, romanized: Dvādaśī), [1] also rendered Dvadashi, is the twelfth lunar day [2] of the shukla (bright) or krishna (dark) fortnight, or Paksha, of every lunar month in the Hindu calendar. [3]