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  2. Myelin - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Myelin

    Myelin (/ ˈ m aɪ. ə l ɪ n / MY-ə-lin) is a lipid-rich material that surrounds nerve cell axons to insulate them and increase the rate at which electrical impulses (called action potentials) pass along the axon. [1] [2] The myelinated axon can be likened to an electrical wire (the axon) with insulating material (myelin) around it. However ...

  3. Sphingomyelin - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sphingomyelin

    Sphingomyelin (SPH, ˌsfɪŋɡoˈmaɪəlɪn) is a type of sphingolipid found in animal cell membranes, especially in the membranous myelin sheath that surrounds some nerve cell axons. It usually consists of phosphocholine and ceramide, or a phosphoethanolamine head group; therefore, sphingomyelins can also be classified as sphingophospholipids.

  4. Axon - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Axon

    There are two types of axons in the nervous system: myelinated and unmyelinated axons. [5] Myelin is a layer of a fatty insulating substance, which is formed by two types of glial cells: Schwann cells and oligodendrocytes. In the peripheral nervous system Schwann cells form the myelin sheath of a myelinated axon. Oligodendrocytes form the ...

  5. Glycerophospholipid - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glycerophospholipid

    Their amphipathic nature drives the formation of the lipid bilayer structure of membranes. The cell membrane seen under the electron microscope consists of two identifiable layers, or "leaflets", each of which is made up of an ordered row of glycerophospholipid molecules. The composition of each layer can vary widely depending on the type of cell.

  6. Oligodendrocyte - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oligodendrocyte

    The optimal ratio of axon diameter divided by the total fiber diameter (which includes the myelin) is 0.6. [24] Oligodendrocytes in rat cerebellum stained with antibody to myelin basic protein in red and for DNA in blue. Two oligodendrocyte cell bodies are clearly visible as well as several myelinated axons.

  7. Membrane lipid - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Membrane_lipid

    The fatty acids in phospho- and glycolipids usually contain an even number, typically between 14 and 24, of carbon atoms, with 16- and 18-carbon being the most common. FAs may be saturated or unsaturated, with the configuration of the double bonds nearly always cis .

  8. Lipid - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lipid

    In 1827, William Prout recognized fat ("oily" alimentary matters), along with protein ("albuminous") and carbohydrate ("saccharine"), as an important nutrient for humans and animals. [13] [14] For a century, chemists regarded "fats" as only simple lipids made of fatty acids and glycerol (glycerides), but new forms were described later.

  9. Phospholipid - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phospholipid

    The hydrophilic end usually contains a negatively charged phosphate group, and the hydrophobic end usually consists of two "tails" that are long fatty acid residues. [ 4 ] In aqueous solutions, phospholipids are driven by hydrophobic interactions , which result in the fatty acid tails aggregating to minimize interactions with the water molecules.

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