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The Fibonacci sequence is frequently referenced in the 2001 book The Perfect Spiral by Jason S. Hornsby. A youthful Fibonacci is one of the main characters in the novel Crusade in Jeans (1973). He was left out of the 2006 movie version, however. The Fibonacci sequence and golden ratio are briefly described in John Fowles's 1985 novel A Maggot.
Fibonacci numbers are also strongly related to the golden ratio: Binet's formula expresses the n-th Fibonacci number in terms of n and the golden ratio, and implies that the ratio of two consecutive Fibonacci numbers tends to the golden ratio as n increases. Fibonacci numbers are also closely related to Lucas numbers, which obey the same ...
The ratio between two consecutive elements converges to the golden ratio, except in the case of the sequence which is constantly zero and the sequences where the ratio of the two first terms is (). The sequence can be written in the form
In the Fibonacci sequence, each number is the sum of the previous two numbers. Fibonacci omitted the "0" and first "1" included today and began the sequence with 1, 2, 3, ... . He carried the calculation up to the thirteenth place, the value 233, though another manuscript carries it to the next place, the value 377.
Exceptionally, the golden ratio is equal to the limit of the ratios of successive terms in the Fibonacci sequence and sequence of Lucas numbers: [42] + = + =. In other words, if a Fibonacci and Lucas number is divided by its immediate predecessor in the sequence, the quotient approximates φ {\displaystyle \varphi } .
All Fibonacci-like integer sequences appear in shifted form as a row of the Wythoff array; the Fibonacci sequence itself is the first row and the Lucas sequence is the second row. Also like all Fibonacci-like integer sequences, the ratio between two consecutive Lucas numbers converges to the golden ratio .
The term "bronze ratio" (=) (Cf. Golden Age and Olympic Medals) and even metals such as copper (=) and nickel (=) are occasionally found in the literature. [ 2 ] [ 3 ] In terms of algebraic number theory , the metallic means are exactly the real quadratic integers that are greater than 1 {\displaystyle 1} and have − 1 {\displaystyle -1} as ...
Other scholars question whether the golden ratio was known to or used by Greek artists and architects as a principle of aesthetic proportion. [11] Building the Acropolis is calculated to have been started around 600 BC, but the works said to exhibit the golden ratio proportions were created from 468 BC to 430 BC.