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  2. Proto-Celtic language - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proto-Celtic_language

    Proto-Celtic, or Common Celtic, is the hypothetical ancestral proto-language of all known Celtic languages, and a descendant of Proto-Indo-European. It is not attested in writing but has been partly reconstructed through the comparative method. Proto-Celtic is generally thought to have been spoken between 1300 and 800 BC, after which it began ...

  3. Celtic languages - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Celtic_languages

    The Celtic languages (/ ˈ k ɛ l t ɪ k / KEL-tik) are a branch of the Indo-European language family, descended from Proto-Celtic. [1] The term "Celtic" was first used to describe this language group by Edward Lhuyd in 1707, [ 2 ] following Paul-Yves Pezron , who made the explicit link between the Celts described by classical writers and the ...

  4. Italo-Celtic - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Italo-Celtic

    In both groups, this is a relatively late development of the proto-languages, possibly dating to the time of Italo-Celtic language contact. the assimilation of *p to a following *kʷ. [13] This development obviously predates the Celtic loss of *p: PIE *pekʷ- 'cook' → Latin coquere; Welsh pobi (Welsh p is from Proto-Celtic *kʷ)

  5. List of proto-languages - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_proto-languages

    Below is a partial list of proto-languages that have been reconstructed, ... Proto-Celtic. Common Brittonic; Proto-Germanic. Proto-Norse; Proto-Italic. Proto-Romance.

  6. Common Brittonic - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Common_Brittonic

    Common Brittonic (Welsh: Brythoneg; Cornish: Brythonek; Breton: Predeneg), also known as British, Common Brythonic, or Proto-Brittonic, [4] [5] is a Celtic language historically spoken in Britain and Brittany from which evolved the later and modern Brittonic languages.

  7. Gallo-Brittonic languages - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gallo-Brittonic_languages

    The hypothesis that the languages spoken in Gaul and Great Britain (Gaulish and the Brittonic languages) descended from a common ancestor, separate from the Celtic languages of Ireland, Spain, and Italy, is based on a number of linguistic innovations, principally the evolution of Proto-Celtic * /kʷ/ into /p/ (thus the name "P-Celtic").

  8. Primitive Irish - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Primitive_Irish

    The German philologist Sabine Ziegler, however, drawing parallels with reconstructions of the Proto-Celtic language's morphology (whose nouns are classified according to the vowels that characterize their endings), limited the archaic Irish endings of the singular genitive case to -I, -AS, -OS and -AIS. [18]

  9. Indo-European vocabulary - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indo-European_vocabulary

    Similarly, a cognate from another Anatolian language (e.g. Luvian, Lycian) may occasionally be given in place of or in addition to Hittite. For Tocharian, both the Tocharian A and Tocharian B cognates are given whenever possible. For the Celtic languages, both Old Irish and Welsh cognates are given when possible.