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The glenoid fossa of the scapula or the glenoid cavity is a bone part of the shoulder. The word glenoid is pronounced / ˈ ɡ l iː n ɔɪ d / or / ˈ ɡ l ɛ n ɔɪ d / (both are common) and is from Greek : gléne , "socket", reflecting the shoulder joint's ball-and-socket form. [ 1 ]
The glenoid fossa (shoulder socket) is positioned on the posterolateral (outer and rear) edge of the scapulocoracoid, a position significantly more lateral than other Devonian tetrapods (apart from Tulerpeton). Above the glenoid fossa is a raised area known as the supraglenoid buttress.
Among the characters defining tetrapodomorphs are modifications to the fins, notably a humerus with convex head articulating with the glenoid fossa (the socket of the shoulder joint). Tetrapodomorph fossils are known from the early Devonian onwards, and include Osteolepis, Panderichthys, Kenichthys, and Tungsenia. [14]
Similar to camels (Camelus), the supraspinous fossa is broader than the infraspinous fossa, but camels have narrower scapulae, especially in distal (back) ends of the supraspinous fossa. The scapular spine is robust, thick, and gradually rises in height distally up until it reaches the edge of the glenoid cavities like camels but unlike most ...
The glenoid fossa allows for forward and backward movement of the mandible while the temporalis muscle, masseter, tongue and throat musculature may have all contributed to moving the lower jaw back. The pterygoid muscles would have been responsible for forward movement.
The mandibular fossa, also known as the glenoid fossa in some dental literature, is the depression in the temporal bone that articulates with the mandible. Structure
The narrowest point of the scapular blade is towards the head of the glenoid fossa. The ventral edge of the scapula lacks a distinct enthesis, which may also represent an ontogenetic trait. The glenoid fossa has an oval outline and is large. The humerus is short, with a large deltopectoral crest. The proximal end of the femur has a width that ...
Both this feature and the size of the glenoid fossa are more similar to polar bears than lions or tigers. The humerus is also similar to that of Ursus , as well as Amphicyon , but it lacked the deep olecranon fossa , and the associated secure locking of the ulna in the fossa, which prevents lateral bending of the elbow joint, making the ...