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Quercus robur, the pedunculate oak or English oak, [3] [4] is a species of flowering plant in the beech and oak family, Fagaceae. It is a large tree, native to most of Europe and western Asia , and is widely cultivated in other temperate regions.
The resemblance of the foliage to that of the common European holly, Ilex aquifolium, has led to its common and botanic names. The species name ilex was originally the classical Latin name for the holm oak, but later adopted as a botanical genus name for the hollies. The common name 'holm oak' takes its name from holm, an ancient name for holly ...
The Bigelow oak grows to a height of 12 metres (39 feet), with a diameter at breast height of 81 centimetres (32 inches) and gray flaking bark. [1] The leaves range from 3–8 cm (1 + 1 ⁄ 4 – 3 + 1 ⁄ 4 in) long by 2–4.5 cm wide, with shapes Duncan & Duncan describe as "narrowly obovate to oblanceolate or narrowly elliptic", with "broadly rounded and bristleless" tips. [1]
Several oak trees hold cultural importance; such as the Royal Oak in Britain, [116] the Charter Oak in the United States, [117] and the Guernica oak in the Basque Country. [118] " The Proscribed Royalist, 1651 ", a famous painting by John Everett Millais , depicts a Royalist hiding in an oak tree while fleeing from Cromwell's forces.
The tree crown is very dense, making it valuable for shade, and the species provides nest sites for many mammal species. Native Americans extracted a cooking oil from the acorns, used all parts of live oak for medicinal purposes, leaves for making rugs, and bark for dyes. [21] The roots of seedlings sometimes form starchy, edible tubers.
The leaf width is approximately one half its length. Each leaf is matte green with an underneath pale green appearance; moreover, the leaf is covered with abundant soft fuzz, yielding an almost velvety feeling. When a fresh leaf is rubbed or broken, an aromatic scent is exuded, evoking a forest odor. The wood is a dull brown approaching yellow.
Quercus agrifolia, the California live oak, [3] or coast live oak, is an evergreen [4] live oak native to the California Floristic Province.Live oaks are so-called because they keep living leaves on the tree all year, adding young leaves and shedding dead leaves simultaneously rather than dropping dead leaves en masse in the autumn like a true deciduous tree. [5]
Quercus coccifera, the kermes oak or holly oak, [3] is an oak shrub or tree in section Ilex of the genus. [4] It has many synonyms, including Quercus calliprinos. [2] It is native to the Mediterranean region and Northern African Maghreb, south to north from Morocco to France and west to east from Portugal to Cyprus and Turkey, crossing Spain, Italy, Libya, the Balkans, and Greece, including Crete.
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