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  2. RICE chart - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RICE_chart

    An ICE table or RICE box or RICE chart is a tabular system of keeping track of changing concentrations in an equilibrium reaction. ICE stands for initial, change, equilibrium. It is used in chemistry to keep track of the changes in amount of substance of the reactants and also organize a set of conditions that one wants to solve with. [1]

  3. Determination of equilibrium constants - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Determination_of...

    For this assumption to be valid, equilibrium constants must be determined in a medium of relatively high ionic strength. Where this is not possible, consideration should be given to possible activity variation. The equilibrium expression above is a function of the concentrations [A], [B] etc. of the chemical species in equilibrium. The ...

  4. Law of mass action - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Law_of_mass_action

    The law is a statement about equilibrium and gives an expression for the equilibrium constant, a quantity characterizing chemical equilibrium. In modern chemistry this is derived using equilibrium thermodynamics. It can also be derived with the concept of chemical potential. [3]

  5. Free-energy relationship - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Free-energy_relationship

    The Hammett equation predicts the equilibrium constant or reaction rate of a reaction from a substituent constant and a reaction type constant. The Edwards equation relates the nucleophilic power to polarisability and basicity. The Marcus equation is an example of a quadratic free-energy relationship (QFER). [citation needed]

  6. Van 't Hoff equation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Van_'t_Hoff_equation

    The Van 't Hoff equation relates the change in the equilibrium constant, K eq, of a chemical reaction to the change in temperature, T, given the standard enthalpy change, Δ r H ⊖, for the process. The subscript r {\displaystyle r} means "reaction" and the superscript ⊖ {\displaystyle \ominus } means "standard".

  7. Equilibrium constant - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Equilibrium_constant

    The equilibrium constant of a chemical reaction is the value of its reaction quotient at chemical equilibrium, a state approached by a dynamic chemical system after sufficient time has elapsed at which its composition has no measurable tendency towards further change. For a given set of reaction conditions, the equilibrium constant is ...

  8. Equilibrium chemistry - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Equilibrium_chemistry

    In this sense a system in chemical equilibrium is in a stable state. The system at chemical equilibrium will be at a constant temperature, pressure or volume and a composition. It will be insulated from exchange of heat with the surroundings, that is, it is a closed system. A change of temperature, pressure (or volume) constitutes an external ...

  9. Chemical equilibrium - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chemical_equilibrium

    The concept of chemical equilibrium was developed in 1803, after Berthollet found that some chemical reactions are reversible. [4] For any reaction mixture to exist at equilibrium, the rates of the forward and backward (reverse) reactions must be equal. In the following chemical equation, arrows point both ways to indicate equilibrium. [5]