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Vasculitic neuropathy is a peripheral neuropathic disease. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] [ 3 ] In a vasculitic neuropathy there is damage to the vessels that supply blood to the nerves . [ 1 ] [ 2 ] [ 3 ] It can be as part of a systemic problem or can exist as a single-organ issue only affecting the peripheral nervous system (PNS).
Micrograph of a vasculitic neuropathy. Plastic embedded. Toluidine blue stain. Neuropathology is the study of disease of nervous system tissue, usually in the form of either small surgical biopsies or whole-body autopsies.
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A decrease in blood flow through the vasa nervorum has been implicated in the development of diabetic neuropathy. Arteritis of the vasa nervorum leads to mononeuritis multiplex or polyneuropathy. [3] Occlusion of vasa nervorum at the level of the epineurial arterioles leads to ischemia of nerves, leading to vasculitic neuropathy.
Sural nerve biopsy; biopsy is considered for those patients in whom the diagnosis is not completely clear, when other causes of neuropathy (e.g., hereditary, vasculitic) cannot be excluded, or when profound axonal involvement is observed on EMG. Ultrasound of the peripheral nerves may show swelling of the affected nerves. [32] [33] [34]
Vasculitis is a group of disorders that destroy blood vessels by inflammation. [2] Both arteries and veins are affected. Lymphangitis (inflammation of lymphatic vessels) is sometimes considered a type of vasculitis. [3]
The main difference between the two is that cluster headaches tend to occur in cycles, while many patients with migraines have headaches for a few days in a row once a month, Collins said.
Granulomatosis with polyangiitis is part of a larger group of vasculitic syndromes called systemic vasculitides or necrotizing vasculopathies, all of which feature an autoimmune attack by an abnormal type of circulating antibody termed ANCAs (antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies) against small and medium-size blood vessels.