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A black operation or "black ops" is a covert or clandestine operation by a government agency, a military unit or a paramilitary organization in which the operation itself is at least partially hidden from the organization or government's own scrutiny. [9]
The military did theater-level white propaganda, although the black propaganda function varied, often carried out by joint U.S.-UK organizations. For the first time in U.S. history, American psywarriors employed electronic psywar in the field, in September 1944.
Psychological warfare (PSYWAR), or the basic aspects of modern psychological operations (PsyOp), has been known by many other names or terms, including Military Information Support Operations (), Psy Ops, political warfare, "Hearts and Minds", and propaganda.
What made the Afghan campaign a landmark in the U.S. Military's history is that it was prosecuted by Special Operations forces from all the services, along with Navy and Air Force tactical power, operations by the Afghan Northern Alliance and the CIA were equally important and fully integrated. No large Army or Marine force was employed. [120]
The overt political/social–covert military split postponed the inflexibility of a completely secret organization and shortage of PMC/black-ops resources as well as redundancy. [ clarify ] Once an active insurgency began, the secrecy could limit [ clarify ] freedom of action, distort information about goals and ideals, and restrict ...
This is a list of established military terms which have been in use for at least 50 years. Since technology and doctrine have changed over time, not all of them are in current use, or they may have been superseded by more modern terms. However, they are still in current use in articles about previous military periods.
Chiron — Training of East Timorese military forces by the Australian Defence Force. Faber — Deployment of United Nations military observers to East Timor in support of the UNAMET-monitored popular consultation. Poinciana (1975) — Or Operasi Flamboyan (a name of a tropical tree); seaborne capture of Dili in 1975.
The "black ops" perpetrated by Operation 40 were intent on destabilizing the Cuban Revolutionary Government. For example, on 4 March 1960, a ship flying a Belgian flag exploded in Havana Bay: "It was loaded with arms and ammunition destined for the defense of the revolution.