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The F-plasmid (first named F by one of its discoverers Esther Lederberg；also called the sex factor in E. coli，the F sex factor, or the fertility factor) [1] [2] [3] allows genes to be transferred from one bacterium carrying the factor to another bacterium lacking the factor by conjugation. The F factor was the first plasmid to be
The F-factor is an episome (a plasmid that can integrate itself into the bacterial chromosome by homologous recombination) with a length of about 100 kb. It carries its own origin of replication, the oriV, and an origin of transfer, or oriT. [5] There can only be one copy of the F-plasmid in a given bacterium, either free or integrated, and ...
In a typical conjugation, the recipient cell also becomes F + after conjugation as it receives an entire copy of the F factor plasmid; but this is not the case in conjugation mediated by Hfr cells. Due to the large size of bacterial chromosome, it is very rare for the entire chromosome to be transferred into the F − cell as time required is ...
Merozygote is a state when a cell, usually bacterial, is temporarily partial diploid as result of DNA transfer processes like conjugation. [1] One example of how merozygotes can be formed is the transfer of genetic material of an Hfr cell to an F- cell through conjugation. When an Hfr cell mates with an F- cell, the chromosome acts as a rolling ...
Perhaps the most well-studied is the F-pilus of Escherichia coli, encoded by the F sex factor. Escherichia coli undergoing conjugation. Bacteria produce long extracellular appendages called sex pili, which connect two neighbouring cells and serve as a physical conduit for transfer of DNA. Adapted from [4] A sex pilus is typically 6 to 7 nm in ...
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The donor cell maintains a functional copy of the plasmid. It later was discovered that the F factor was the first episome and can exist as an independent plasmid making it a very stable vector for cloning. Conjugation aids in the formation of bacterial clone libraries by ensuring all cells contain the desired fosmid. [4]
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