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In diagnostic radiology, the F-factor is the conversion factor between exposure to ionizing radiation and the absorbed dose from that radiation. In other words, it converts between the amount of ionization in air (roentgens or, in SI units, coulombs per kilogram of absorber material) and the absorbed dose in air (rads or grays).
where F is the exposure rate, r is the distance, α is the source activity, and Γ is the exposure rate constant, which is dependent on the particular radionuclide used as the gamma ray source. Below is a table of exposure rate constants for various radionuclides.
Radiation exposure can be managed by a combination of these factors: Time : Reducing the time of an exposure reduces the effective dose proportionally. An example of reducing radiation doses by reducing the time of exposures might be improving operator training to reduce the time they take to handle a radioactive source.
Absorbed dose is a dose quantity which is the measure of the energy deposited in matter by ionizing radiation per unit mass.Absorbed dose is used in the calculation of dose uptake in living tissue in both radiation protection (reduction of harmful effects), and radiology (potential beneficial effects, for example in cancer treatment).
In the 1930s the roentgen was the most commonly used unit of radiation exposure. This unit is obsolete and no longer clearly defined. This unit is obsolete and no longer clearly defined. One roentgen deposits 0.877 rad in dry air, 0.96 rad in soft tissue, [ 9 ] or anywhere from 1 to more than 4 rad in bone depending on the beam energy. [ 10 ]
Fluorine-18 (18 F, also called radiofluorine) is a fluorine radioisotope which is an important source of positrons. It has a mass of 18.0009380(6) u and its half-life is 109.771(20) minutes. It decays by positron emission 96.7% of the time and electron capture 3.3% of the time.
The [18 F]FDG-6-phosphate formed when [18 F]FDG enters the cell cannot exit the cell before radioactive decay. As a result, the distribution of [18 F]FDG is a good reflection of the distribution of glucose uptake and phosphorylation by cells in the body. The fluorine in [18 F]FDG decays radioactively via beta-decay to 18 O −.
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