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In case of call by value, what is passed to the function is the value of the argument – for example, f(2) and a = 2; f(a) are equivalent calls – while in call by reference, with a variable as argument, what is passed is a reference to that variable - even though the syntax for the function call could stay the same. [5]
In a programming language, an evaluation strategy is a set of rules for evaluating expressions. [1] The term is often used to refer to the more specific notion of a parameter-passing strategy [2] that defines the kind of value that is passed to the function for each parameter (the binding strategy) [3] and whether to evaluate the parameters of a function call, and if so in what order (the ...
In computer science, a calling convention is an implementation-level (low-level) scheme for how subroutines or functions receive parameters from their caller and how they return a result. [1] When some code calls a function, design choices have been taken for where and how parameters are passed to that function, and where and how results are ...
In programming language theory, lazy evaluation, or call-by-need, [1] is an evaluation strategy which delays the evaluation of an expression until its value is needed (non-strict evaluation) and which also avoids repeated evaluations (by the use of sharing). [2] [3] The benefits of lazy evaluation include:
For example, in the expression (f(x)-1)/(f(x)+1), the function f cannot be called only once with its value used two times since the two calls may return different results. Moreover, in the few languages which define the order of evaluation of the division operator's operands, the value of x must be fetched again before the second call, since ...
pointer to function; pointer to member function; functor; lambda expression. std::function is a template class that can hold any callable object that matches its signature. In C++, any class that overloads the function call operator operator() may be called using function-call syntax.
C++ also allows objects to provide an implementation of the function call operation. The Standard Template Library accepts these objects (called functors ) as parameters. Many dynamic languages , such as JavaScript , Lua , Python , Perl [ 1 ] [ 2 ] and PHP , allow a function object to be passed.
because the call to those constructors would require a copy as well, which would result in an infinitely recursive call. The following cases may result in a call to a copy constructor: When an object is returned by value; When an object is passed (to a function) by value as an argument; When an object is thrown; When an object is caught by value