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The Weald–Artois Anticline, or Wealden Anticline, is a large anticline, a geological structure running between the regions of the Weald in southern England and Artois in northern France. The fold formed during the Alpine orogeny, from the late Oligocene to middle Miocene as an uplifted form of the Weald basin through inversion of the basin.
In structural geology, an anticline is a type of fold that is an arch-like shape and has its oldest beds at its core, whereas a syncline is the inverse of an anticline. A typical anticline is convex up in which the hinge or crest is the location where the curvature is greatest, and the limbs are the sides of the fold that dip away from
The geology of East Sussex is defined by the Weald–Artois anticline, a 60 kilometres (37 mi) wide and 100 kilometres (62 mi) long fold within which caused the arching up of the chalk into a broad dome within the middle Miocene, [1] which has subsequently been eroded to reveal a lower Cretaceous to Upper Jurassic stratigraphy.
Anticline, in structural geology, an anticline is a fold that is convex up and has its oldest beds at its core; Anticlinal, in stereochemistry, a torsion angle between 90° to 150°, and –90° to –150°; see Alkane_stereochemistry; Anticlinal division (botany)
The Weald–Artois Anticline continues some 40 miles (64 km) further south-eastwards under the Straits of Dover, and includes the Boulonnais of France. [ 4 ] Many important fossils have been found in the sandstones and clays of the Weald, including, for example, Baryonyx .
West Sussex extends across a part of the Weald-Artois Anticline, a broad east-west aligned fold associated with the Alpine Orogeny. This largely gentle fold sports lesser folds on its southern flanks such as the sub-parallel Portsdown Anticline runs from just north of Fareham in Hampshire east via Wymering to the southern edge of Chichester.
Geological strata within the area are flat-lying to moderately dipping. The major structure within southeast England is the Wealden Anticline, itself a part of the larger Weald-Artois Anticline, an upward folding of the entire Cretaceous succession along a broadly east-west axis.
These ridges are the remains of the Wealden dome, a denuded anticline across Kent, Surrey and Sussex, which was the result of uplifting caused by the Alpine movements between 10-20 million years ago. The dome was formed of an upper layer of Chalk above subsequent layers of Upper Greensand, Gault, Lower Greensand, Weald Clay and the Hastings Beds.