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Sometimes, it also refers to the fluvial action of rainwater flowing in a stream channel, including a flood, known as a pluvial flood, that is the direct result of excessive precipitation. [ 1 ] [ 2 ]
Fluvial terraces can be used to measure the rate at which either a stream or river is downcutting its valley. Using various dating methods, an age can be determined for the deposition of the terrace. Using the resulting date and the elevation above its current level, an approximate average rate of downcutting can be determined.
There is a delicate equilibrium that controls a river system, which, when disturbed, causes flooding and incising events to occur and produce terracing. [3] [4] Dating of these abandoned terrace surfaces (treads) is possible using a variety of geochronologic techniques. The type of technique used, however, is dependent on the composition and ...
There are several types of urban flooding, each with a different cause. City planners distinguish pluvial flooding (flooding caused by heavy rain), fluvial flooding (caused by a nearby river overflowing its banks), or coastal flooding (often caused by storm surges). Urban flooding is a hazard to both the population and infrastructure.
By creating an environment where local plants can thrive, Turenscape hopes that nature will then decide where plants should best take root. - Turenscape/Courtesy The Cultural Landscape Foundation
Fluvial landforms of streams; Fluvial terrace – Elongated terraces that flank the sides of floodplains and river valleys; Canyon – Deep chasm between cliffs (Gorge) Gully – Landform created by running water and/or mass movement eroding sharply into soil; Island – Piece of subcontinental land completely surrounded by water
This stream operating together with its environment can be thought of as forming a river ecosystem. River ecosystems are flowing waters that drain the landscape, and include the biotic (living) interactions amongst plants, animals and micro-organisms, as well as abiotic (nonliving) physical and chemical interactions of its many parts.
There are two primary mechanisms of stream bank erosion: fluvial erosion and mass failure. Fluvial erosion is the direct removal of soil particles by flowing water. The rate of fluvial erosion is determined both by the force of the flowing water (e.g. faster flow equals more force) and the resistance of the bank material to erosion (e.g. clay is generally more resistant to erosion than sand).