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In linguistics, crossover effects are restrictions on possible binding or coreference that hold between certain phrases and pronouns. [1] Coreference (or coindexation) that is normal and natural when a pronoun follows its antecedent becomes impossible, or at best just marginally possible, when "crossover" is deemed to have occurred, e.g. ?
Crossover (rail), a pair of switches that connects two parallel rail tracks that allows a train on one track to cross over to the other EuroSport Crossover , a light electric aircraft Aixam Crossover , a French quadricycle
New Oxford Dictionary for Writers and Editors. Oxford University Press. Also available as part of New Oxford Style manual (2016). Butterfield, Jeremy (2015). Fowler's Dictionary of Modern English Usage. Oxford University Press. Brians, Paul (1993). Common Errors in English Usage (Web ed.). William James & Company. ISBN 1-887902-89-9.
The word grammar often has divergent meanings when used in contexts outside linguistics. It may be used more broadly to include orthographic conventions of written language , such as spelling and punctuation, which are not typically considered part of grammar by linguists; that is, the conventions used for writing a language.
Also apophthegm. A terse, pithy saying, akin to a proverb, maxim, or aphorism. aposiopesis A rhetorical device in which speech is broken off abruptly and the sentence is left unfinished. apostrophe A figure of speech in which a speaker breaks off from addressing the audience (e.g., in a play) and directs speech to a third party such as an opposing litigant or some other individual, sometimes ...
When Bad Grammar Happens to Good People: How to Avoid Common Errors in English by Ann Batko; Plain Style by Christopher Lasch; Merriam-Webster's Dictionary of English Usage by Merriam-Webster; Usage and Abusage by Eric Partridge; The New Fowler's Modern English Usage by R. W. Burchfield; The King's English by H. W. Fowler and F. G. Fowler
Substitution is when the L1 speaker takes a structure or word from their native language and replaces it within the L2. [19] Odlin (1989) shows a sentence from a Swedish learner of English in the following sentence. Swedish Structure on English: But sometimes I must go bort. [19] Here the Swedish word bort has replaced its English equivalent away.
But in generative grammar, which sees meaning as separate from grammar, they are categories that define the distribution of syntactic elements. [1] For structuralists such as Roman Jakobson grammatical categories were lexemes that were based on binary oppositions of "a single feature of meaning that is equally present in all contexts of use".