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A negotiable instrument is a document guaranteeing the payment of a specific amount of money, ... An order that meets all of the requirements of subsection (a ...
In commercial law, a holder in due course (HDC) is someone who takes a negotiable instrument in a value-for-value exchange without reason to doubt that the instrument will be paid. If the instrument is later found not to be payable as written, a holder in due course can enforce payment by the person who originated it and all previous holders ...
A substitute check (also called an Image Replacement Document or IRD) [1] is a negotiable instrument that is a digital reproduction of an original paper check.As a negotiable payment instrument in the United States, a substitute check maintains the status of a "legal check" in lieu of the original paper check, as authorized by the Check Clearing for the 21st Century Act (the Check 21 Act).
A substitute check or cheque, also called an image cash letter (ICL), clearing replacement document (CRD), [1] or image replacement document (IRD), [2] is a negotiable instrument used in electronic banking systems to represent a physical paper cheque (check).
A demand draft (DD) is a negotiable instrument similar to a bill of exchange. A bank issues a demand draft to a client (drawer), directing another bank (drawee) or one of its own branches to pay a certain sum to the specified party (payee). [1] [2] A demand draft can also be compared to a cheque. However, demand drafts are difficult to ...
It uses negotiable instruments as an example of formal contracts, such as: checks, drafts, promissory notes, and certificates of deposit. These examples are all required to have special formation under the Uniform Commercial Code. [3]
Because the transaction operates on a negotiable instrument, it is the document itself which holds the value - not the goods to which the reference. This means that the bank need only be concerned with whether the document fulfils the requirements stipulated in the letter of credit.
The Check Clearing for the 21st Century Act (or Check 21 Act) is a United States federal law, Pub. L. 108–100 (text), that was enacted on October 28, 2003 by the 108th U.S. Congress.